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Diabetic retinopathy

Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2016-03, Vol.2 (1), p.16012-16012, Article 16012 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016. ;ISSN: 2056-676X ;EISSN: 2056-676X ;DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.12 ;PMID: 27159554

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Title:
Diabetic retinopathy
Author: Wong, Tien Y ; Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy ; Larsen, Michael ; Sharma, Sanjay ; Simó, Rafael
Subjects: Diabetes ; Diabetes Complications - epidemiology ; Diabetes Complications - physiopathology ; Diabetes Mellitus - physiopathology ; Diabetic retinopathy ; Diabetic Retinopathy - epidemiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy - etiology ; Diabetic Retinopathy - physiopathology ; Edema ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hyperglycemia - complications ; Hypertension - complications ; Macular Edema - complications ; Macular Edema - etiology ; Mass Screening - methods ; Middle age ; Older people ; Risk Factors ; Vascular endothelial growth factor ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A - genetics
Is Part Of: Nature reviews. Disease primers, 2016-03, Vol.2 (1), p.16012-16012, Article 16012
Description: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of vision loss in middle-aged and elderly people. One-third of people with diabetes have DR. Severe stages of DR include proliferative DR, caused by the abnormal growth of new retinal blood vessels, and diabetic macular oedema, in which there is exudation and oedema in the central part of the retina. DR is strongly associated with a prolonged duration of diabetes, hyperglycaemia and hypertension. It is traditionally regarded as a microvascular disease, but retinal neurodegeneration is also involved. Complex interrelated pathophysiological mechanisms triggered by hyperglycaemia underlie the development of DR. These mechanisms include genetic and epigenetic factors, increased production of free radicals, advanced glycosylation end products, inflammatory factors and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Optimal control of blood glucose and blood pressure in individuals with diabetes remains the cornerstone for preventing the development and arresting the progression of DR. Anti-VEGF therapy is currently indicated for diabetic macular oedema associated with vision loss, whereas laser photocoagulation prevents severe vision loss in eyes with proliferative DR. These measures, together with increasing public awareness and access to regular screening for DR with retinal photography, and the development of new treatments to address early disease stages, will lead to better outcomes and prevent blindness for patients with DR.
Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 2056-676X
EISSN: 2056-676X
DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.12
PMID: 27159554
Source: MEDLINE
ProQuest Central

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Diabetic retinopathy

Macmillan Publishers Limited 2016. ;ISSN: 2056-676X ;EISSN: 2056-676X ;DOI: 10.1038/nrdp.2016.12 ;PMID: 27159554

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