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Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease

Cell, 2021-10, Vol.184 (22), p.5506-5526 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 ;Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc. ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.034 ;PMID: 34715021

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Title:
Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease
Author: Miller, Karl N. ; Victorelli, Stella G. ; Salmonowicz, Hanna ; Dasgupta, Nirmalya ; Liu, Tianhui ; Passos, João F. ; Adams, Peter D.
Subjects: aging ; Aging - metabolism ; Animals ; cancer ; Cytoplasm - metabolism ; cytoplasmic chromatin fragment ; cytoplasmic DNA ; Disease ; DNA - metabolism ; Humans ; micronucleus ; Micronucleus, Germline - metabolism ; mitochondrial DNA ; Retroelements - genetics ; retrotransposon ; senescence
Is Part Of: Cell, 2021-10, Vol.184 (22), p.5506-5526
Description: Endogenous cytoplasmic DNA (cytoDNA) species are emerging as key mediators of inflammation in diverse physiological and pathological contexts. Although the role of endogenous cytoDNA in innate immune activation is well established, the cytoDNA species themselves are often poorly characterized and difficult to distinguish, and their mechanisms of formation, scope of function and contribution to disease are incompletely understood. Here, we summarize current knowledge in this rapidly progressing field with emphases on similarities and differences between distinct cytoDNAs, their underlying molecular mechanisms of formation and function, interactions between cytoDNA pathways, and therapeutic opportunities in the treatment of age-associated diseases. When eukaryotic DNA leaks into the cytoplasm it triggers inflammatory alarms. This review discusses the how and why DNA sometimes ends up in the cytoplasm, what happens once it gets there, and recent links between these mislocalized DNA molecules and aging and disease.
Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0092-8674
EISSN: 1097-4172
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.034
PMID: 34715021
Source: Cell Press Free Archives
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Cytoplasmic DNA: sources, sensing, and role in aging and disease

2021 ;Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Inc. ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.09.034 ;PMID: 34715021

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