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Enhancer Control of Transcriptional Bursting

Cell, 2016-07, Vol.166 (2), p.358-368 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2016 Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.025 ;PMID: 27293191

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  • Title:
    Enhancer Control of Transcriptional Bursting
  • Author: Fukaya, Takashi ; Lim, Bomyi ; Levine, Michael
  • Subjects: Animals ; Chromosomes - metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster - genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster - metabolism ; Embryo, Nonmammalian - metabolism ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis ; Green Fluorescent Proteins - genetics ; Insulator Elements ; Male ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation
  • Is Part Of: Cell, 2016-07, Vol.166 (2), p.358-368
  • Description: Transcription is episodic, consisting of a series of discontinuous bursts. Using live-imaging methods and quantitative analysis, we examine transcriptional bursting in living Drosophila embryos. Different developmental enhancers positioned downstream of synthetic reporter genes produce transcriptional bursts with similar amplitudes and duration but generate very different bursting frequencies, with strong enhancers producing more bursts than weak enhancers. Insertion of an insulator reduces the number of bursts and the corresponding level of gene expression, suggesting that enhancer regulation of bursting frequency is a key parameter of gene control in development. We also show that linked reporter genes exhibit coordinated bursting profiles when regulated by a shared enhancer, challenging conventional models of enhancer-promoter looping. [Display omitted] •Transcriptional bursts are an important feature of gene activity in living embryos•The levels of gene activity depend on the frequency of transcriptional bursts•A single enhancer can co-activate two linked reporter genes•An insulator diminishes the frequency of bursts, but not co-activation of, linked genes Fukaya and Lim et al. present an analysis of enhancer-promoter communication in living Drosophila embryos. They employ a combination of live-imaging methods and quantitative analysis to measure gene activity in real time. These studies provide evidence that enhancers regulate the frequency of transcriptional bursts. Strong enhancers produce more bursts than weak enhancers. Shared enhancers are able to co-activate linked reporter genes, suggesting the importance of chromosome topology in gene control.
  • Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0092-8674
    EISSN: 1097-4172
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.05.025
    PMID: 27293191
  • Source: Cell Press Free Archives
    MEDLINE
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