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Antioxidant Role for Lipid Droplets in a Stem Cell Niche of Drosophila

Cell, 2015-10, Vol.163 (2), p.340-353 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2015 The Authors ;Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;2015 The Authors 2015 ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.020 ;PMID: 26451484

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Title:
Antioxidant Role for Lipid Droplets in a Stem Cell Niche of Drosophila
Author: Bailey, Andrew P. ; Koster, Grielof ; Guillermier, Christelle ; Hirst, Elizabeth M.A. ; MacRae, James I. ; Lechene, Claude P. ; Postle, Anthony D. ; Gould, Alex P.
Subjects: Animals ; Antioxidants - pharmacology ; Cell Proliferation ; Drosophila - cytology ; Drosophila - growth & development ; Drosophila - metabolism ; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated - pharmacology ; Larva - cytology ; Larva - growth & development ; Larva - metabolism ; Lipid Droplets - metabolism ; Neuroglia - metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen - metabolism ; Stem Cell Niche - drug effects ; Stem Cells - cytology ; Stem Cells - drug effects
Is Part Of: Cell, 2015-10, Vol.163 (2), p.340-353
Description: Stem cells reside in specialized microenvironments known as niches. During Drosophila development, glial cells provide a niche that sustains the proliferation of neural stem cells (neuroblasts) during starvation. We now find that the glial cell niche also preserves neuroblast proliferation under conditions of hypoxia and oxidative stress. Lipid droplets that form in niche glia during oxidative stress limit the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). These droplets protect glia and also neuroblasts from peroxidation chain reactions that can damage many types of macromolecules. The underlying antioxidant mechanism involves diverting PUFAs, including diet-derived linoleic acid, away from membranes to the core of lipid droplets, where they are less vulnerable to peroxidation. This study reveals an antioxidant role for lipid droplets that could be relevant in many different biological contexts. [Display omitted] •Oxidative stress stimulates lipid droplet biosynthesis in a neural stem cell niche•Lipid droplets protect niche and neural stem cells from damaging PUFA peroxidation•PUFAs are less vulnerable to peroxidation in lipid droplets than in cell membranes Lipid droplets can act as antioxidant organelles that protect Drosophila neural stem cells from hypoxia-triggered ROS. They sequester polyunsaturated fatty acids away from plasma membranes, thereby shielding these lipids from harmful peroxidation that would otherwise compromise proliferation.
Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0092-8674
EISSN: 1097-4172
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.020
PMID: 26451484
Source: Cell Press Free Archives
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Antioxidant Role for Lipid Droplets in a Stem Cell Niche of Drosophila

2015 The Authors ;Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;2015 The Authors 2015 ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.020 ;PMID: 26451484

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