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Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease

Physiological reviews, 2020-01, Vol.100 (1), p.171-210 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright American Physiological Society Jan 2020 ;ISSN: 0031-9333 ;EISSN: 1522-1210 ;DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2018 ;PMID: 31487233

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Title:
Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease
Author: Kimura, Ikuo ; Ichimura, Atsuhiko ; Ohue-Kitano, Ryuji ; Igarashi, Miki
Subjects: Acetic acid ; Animals ; Dietary fiber ; Energy resources ; Fatty acids ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified - metabolism ; Fermentation ; Fish oils ; G protein-coupled receptors ; Humans ; Immune response ; Intestinal microflora ; Metabolic networks ; Metabolism ; Peptide hormones ; Propionic acid ; Receptors, Cell Surface - metabolism ; Receptors, Cell Surface - physiology ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - metabolism ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled - physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Triglycerides
Is Part Of: Physiological reviews, 2020-01, Vol.100 (1), p.171-210
Description: Fatty acids are metabolized and synthesized as energy substrates during biological responses. Long- and medium-chain fatty acids derived mainly from dietary triglycerides, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by gut microbial fermentation of the otherwise indigestible dietary fiber, constitute the major sources of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the metabolic network. Recently, increasing evidence indicates that FFAs serve not only as energy sources but also as natural ligands for a group of orphan G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs), essentially intertwining metabolism and immunity in multiple ways, such as via inflammation regulation and secretion of peptide hormones. To date, several FFARs that are activated by the FFAs of various chain lengths have been identified and characterized. In particular, FFAR1 (GPR40) and FFAR4 (GPR120) are activated by long-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, while FFAR3 (GPR41) and FFAR2 (GPR43) are activated by SCFAs, mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate. In this review, we discuss the recent reports on the key physiological functions of the FFAR-mediated signaling transduction pathways in the regulation of metabolism and immune responses. We also attempt to reveal future research opportunities for developing therapeutics for metabolic and immune disorders.
Publisher: United States: American Physiological Society
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0031-9333
EISSN: 1522-1210
DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2018
PMID: 31487233
Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
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Free Fatty Acid Receptors in Health and Disease

Copyright American Physiological Society Jan 2020 ;ISSN: 0031-9333 ;EISSN: 1522-1210 ;DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2018 ;PMID: 31487233

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