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Smoke with Induced Rotation and Lofting (SWIRL) in the Stratosphere

Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 2020-12, Vol.77 (12), p.4297-4316 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright American Meteorological Society Dec 2020 ;ISSN: 0022-4928 ;EISSN: 1520-0469 ;DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0131.1

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  • Title:
    Smoke with Induced Rotation and Lofting (SWIRL) in the Stratosphere
  • Author: Allen, Douglas R. ; Fromm, Michael D. ; Kablick III, George P. ; Nedoluha, Gerald E.
  • Subjects: Aerosols ; Anticyclones ; Anticyclonic circulation ; Auroral kilometric radiation ; Diagnostic software ; Dipoles ; Environmental modeling ; Evolution ; Heating ; Lofting ; Lower stratosphere ; Middle stratosphere ; Ozone ; Ozone anomalies ; Potential temperature ; Potential vorticity ; Radiation absorption ; Rotation ; Smoke ; Smoke plumes ; Solar radiation ; Stratosphere ; Temperature ; Temperature anomalies ; Thickness ; Vorticity ; Wildfires ; Wind shear
  • Is Part Of: Journal of the atmospheric sciences, 2020-12, Vol.77 (12), p.4297-4316
  • Description: Abstract The Australian bushfires of 2019/20 produced an unusually large number of pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) that injected huge amounts of smoke into the lower stratosphere. The pyroCbs from 29 December 2019 to 4 January 2020 were particularly intense, producing hemispheric-wide aerosol that persisted for months. One plume from this so-called Australian New Year (ANY) event evolved into a stratospheric aerosol mass ~1000 km across and several kilometers thick. This plume initially moved eastward toward South America in January, then reversed course and moved westward passing south of Australia in February and eventually reached South Africa in early March. The peculiar motion was related to the steady rise in plume potential temperature of ~8 K day −1 in January and ~6 K day −1 in February, due to local heating by smoke absorption of solar radiation. This heating resulted in a vertical temperature anomaly dipole, a positive potential vorticity (PV) anomaly, and anticyclonic circulation. We call this dynamical component of the smoke plume “smoke with induced rotation and lofting” (SWIRL). This study uses Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM) analyses to detail the SWIRL structure over 2 months. The main diagnostic tool is an anticyclone edge calculation based on the scalar Q diagnostic. This provides the framework for calculating the time evolution of various SWIRL properties: PV anomaly, streamfunction, horizontal size, vertical thickness, flow speed, and tilt. In addition, we examine the temperature anomaly dipole, the SWIRL interaction with the large-scale wind shear, and the ozone anomaly associated with lofting of air from the lower to the middle stratosphere.
  • Publisher: Boston: American Meteorological Society
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0022-4928
    EISSN: 1520-0469
    DOI: 10.1175/JAS-D-20-0131.1
  • Source: Alma/SFX Local Collection
    ProQuest Central
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