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Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children

The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020-05, Vol.39 (5), p.355 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at http://healthclarity.wolterskluwer.com/coronavirus-resources.html ;EISSN: 1532-0987 ;DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002660 ;PMID: 32310621

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Title:
Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children
Author: Zimmermann, Petra ; Curtis, Nigel
Subjects: Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal - therapeutic use ; Child ; Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis ; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections - prevention & control ; Coronavirus Infections - therapy ; COVID-19 ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus ; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; Pandemics - prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis ; Pneumonia, Viral - epidemiology ; Pneumonia, Viral - prevention & control ; Pneumonia, Viral - therapy ; Protease Inhibitors - therapeutic use ; SARS Virus ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - diagnosis ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - epidemiology ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - prevention & control ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - therapy ; Vaccines, DNA - therapeutic use ; Viral Vaccines - therapeutic use
Is Part Of: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, 2020-05, Vol.39 (5), p.355
Description: Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of enveloped, single-stranded, zoonotic RNA viruses. Four CoVs commonly circulate among humans: HCoV2-229E, -HKU1, -NL63 and -OC43. However, CoVs can rapidly mutate and recombine leading to novel CoVs that can spread from animals to humans. The novel CoVs severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) emerged in 2002 and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012. The 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is currently causing a severe outbreak of disease (termed COVID-19) in China and multiple other countries, threatening to cause a global pandemic. In humans, CoVs mostly cause respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms. Clinical manifestations range from a common cold to more severe disease such as bronchitis, pneumonia, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, multi-organ failure and even death. SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 seem to less commonly affect children and to cause fewer symptoms and less severe disease in this age group compared with adults, and are associated with much lower case-fatality rates. Preliminary evidence suggests children are just as likely as adults to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 but are less likely to be symptomatic or develop severe symptoms. However, the importance of children in transmitting the virus remains uncertain. Children more often have gastrointestinal symptoms compared with adults. Most children with SARS-CoV present with fever, but this is not the case for the other novel CoVs. Many children affected by MERS-CoV are asymptomatic. The majority of children infected by novel CoVs have a documented household contact, often showing symptoms before them. In contrast, adults more often have a nosocomial exposure. In this review, we summarize epidemiologic, clinical and diagnostic findings, as well as treatment and prevention options for common circulating and novel CoVs infections in humans with a focus on infections in children.
Publisher: United States: Wolters Kluwer Health Adis International
Language: English
Identifier: EISSN: 1532-0987
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002660
PMID: 32310621
Source: Coronavirus Research Database

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Coronavirus Infections in Children Including COVID-19: An Overview of the Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention Options in Children

2020. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at http://healthclarity.wolterskluwer.com/coronavirus-resources.html ;EISSN: 1532-0987 ;DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000002660 ;PMID: 32310621

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