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The biofilm matrix: multitasking in a shared space

Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2023-02, Vol.21 (2), p.70-86 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2022. Springer Nature Limited. ;Springer Nature Limited 2022. Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. ;Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ;ISSN: 1740-1526 ;EISSN: 1740-1534 ;DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00791-0 ;PMID: 36127518

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  • Title:
    The biofilm matrix: multitasking in a shared space
  • Author: Flemming, Hans-Curt ; van Hullebusch, Eric D ; Neu, Thomas R ; Nielsen, Per H ; Seviour, Thomas ; Stoodley, Paul ; Wingender, Jost ; Wuertz, Stefan
  • Subjects: Amyloid ; Biofilms ; Biopolymers ; Columns (structural) ; DNA ; Environmental conditions ; Environmental DNA ; Environmental Sciences ; Extracellular Polymeric Substance Matrix ; Extracellular polymers ; Hydrophobicity ; Lipids ; Membrane vesicles ; Microorganisms ; Multitasking ; Nutrients ; Polysaccharides ; Proteins ; Saccharides
  • Is Part Of: Nature reviews. Microbiology, 2023-02, Vol.21 (2), p.70-86
  • Description: The biofilm matrix can be considered to be a shared space for the encased microbial cells, comprising a wide variety of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), such as polysaccharides, proteins, amyloids, lipids and extracellular DNA (eDNA), as well as membrane vesicles and humic-like microbially derived refractory substances. EPS are dynamic in space and time and their components interact in complex ways, fulfilling various functions: to stabilize the matrix, acquire nutrients, retain and protect eDNA or exoenzymes, or offer sorption sites for ions and hydrophobic substances. The retention of exoenzymes effectively renders the biofilm matrix an external digestion system influencing the global turnover of biopolymers, considering the ubiquitous relevance of biofilms. Physico-chemical and biological interactions and environmental conditions enable biofilm systems to morph into films, microcolonies and macrocolonies, films, ridges, ripples, columns, pellicles, bubbles, mushrooms and suspended aggregates - in response to the very diverse conditions confronting a particular biofilm community. Assembly and dynamics of the matrix are mostly coordinated by secondary messengers, signalling molecules or small RNAs, in both medically relevant and environmental biofilms. Fully deciphering how bacteria provide structure to the matrix, and thus facilitate and benefit from extracellular reactions, remains the challenge for future biofilm research.
  • Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1740-1526
    EISSN: 1740-1534
    DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00791-0
    PMID: 36127518
  • Source: MEDLINE
    ProQuest Central
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