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Membrane Asymmetry Imposes Directionality on Lipid Droplet Emergence from the ER

Developmental cell, 2019-07, Vol.50 (1), p.25-42.e7 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2019 Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;Attribution - NonCommercial ;ISSN: 1534-5807 ;EISSN: 1878-1551 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.003 ;PMID: 31155466

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Title:
Membrane Asymmetry Imposes Directionality on Lipid Droplet Emergence from the ER
Author: Chorlay, Aymeric ; Monticelli, Luca ; Veríssimo Ferreira, Joana ; Ben M’barek, Kalthoum ; Ajjaji, Dalila ; Wang, Sihui ; Johnson, Errin ; Beck, Rainer ; Omrane, Mohyeddine ; Beller, Mathias ; Carvalho, Pedro ; Rachid Thiam, Abdou
Subjects: Animals ; asymmetric surface tensions ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - metabolism ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular - pathology ; Cell Membrane - metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; cytosolic lipid droplet ; directional budding ; Drosophila - metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum - physiology ; Humans ; Life Sciences ; Lipid Droplets - metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms - metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms - pathology ; membrane asymmetry ; Membrane Proteins - metabolism ; phospholipid biosynthesis ; Phospholipids - metabolism ; protein binding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - growth & development ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae - metabolism
Is Part Of: Developmental cell, 2019-07, Vol.50 (1), p.25-42.e7
Description: During energy bursts, neutral lipids fabricated within the ER bilayer demix to form lipid droplets (LDs). LDs bud off mainly in the cytosol where they regulate metabolism and multiple biological processes. They indeed become accessible to most enzymes and can interact with other organelles. How such directional emergence is achieved remains elusive. Here, we found that this directionality is controlled by an asymmetry in monolayer surface coverage. Model LDs emerge on the membrane leaflet of higher coverage, which is improved by the insertion of proteins and phospholipids. In cells, continuous LD emergence on the cytosol would require a constant refill of phospholipids to the ER cytosolic leaflet. Consistent with this model, cells deficient in phospholipids present an increased number of LDs exposed to the ER lumen and compensate by remodeling ER shape. Our results reveal an active cooperation between phospholipids and proteins to extract LDs from ER. [Display omitted] •Emergence of LDs from the ER into the cytosol is facilitated by phospholipid synthesis•Membrane imbalance in phospholipid density regulates the emergence side of model LDs•Model LDs emerge on the side with the higher monolayer surface coverage•Asymmetric membrane insertion of proteins regulates the emergence side of model LDs Lipid droplets bud from the ER into the cytosol. This directionality is crucial to lipid metabolism, but its underlying mechanism is elusive. Chorlay et al. provide evidence that it is mediated by membrane asymmetries in phospholipids and proteins. Excess phospholipids on the ER cytosolic leaflet guarantees proper lipid droplet emergence.
Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1534-5807
EISSN: 1878-1551
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.003
PMID: 31155466
Source: Cell Press Free Archives
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)
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Membrane Asymmetry Imposes Directionality on Lipid Droplet Emergence from the ER

2019 Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;Attribution - NonCommercial ;ISSN: 1534-5807 ;EISSN: 1878-1551 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2019.05.003 ;PMID: 31155466

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