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Case Report: Evolution of Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Two COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccine

Frontiers in immunology, 2022-02, Vol.13, p.790212 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright © 2022 Gallais, Gantner, Planas, Solis, Bruel, Pierre, Soulier, Rossolillo, Fourati, Sibilia, Schwartz and Fafi-Kremer. ;Attribution ;Copyright © 2022 Gallais, Gantner, Planas, Solis, Bruel, Pierre, Soulier, Rossolillo, Fourati, Sibilia, Schwartz and Fafi-Kremer 2022 Gallais, Gantner, Planas, Solis, Bruel, Pierre, Soulier, Rossolillo, Fourati, Sibilia, Schwartz and Fafi-Kremer ;ISSN: 1664-3224 ;EISSN: 1664-3224 ;DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.790212 ;PMID: 35281046

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Title:
Case Report: Evolution of Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Two COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccine
Author: Gallais, Floriane ; Gantner, Pierre ; Planas, Delphine ; Solis, Morgane ; Bruel, Timothée ; Pierre, Florian ; Soulier, Eric ; Rossolillo, Paola ; Fourati, Slim ; Sibilia, Jean ; Schwartz, Olivier ; Fafi-Kremer, Samira
Subjects: Adult ; Antibodies, Neutralizing ; Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood ; Antibodies, Viral ; Antibodies, Viral - blood ; BNT162 Vaccine ; BNT162 Vaccine - immunology ; breakthrough infection ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes - immunology ; COVID-19 ; COVID-19 - diagnosis ; COVID-19 Vaccines ; Female ; Humans ; Immune Evasion ; Immunology ; Life Sciences ; Microbiology and Parasitology ; Middle Aged ; SARS-CoV-2 ; SARS-CoV-2 - physiology ; Vaccination ; vaccine ; variant of concern ; Virology
Is Part Of: Frontiers in immunology, 2022-02, Vol.13, p.790212
Description: SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections after complete vaccination are increasing whereas their determinants remain uncharacterized. We analyzed two cases of post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infections by α and β variants, respectively. For each participant both humoral (binding and neutralizing antibodies) and cellular (activation markers and cytokine expression) immune responses were characterized longitudinally. The first participant (P1) was infected by an α variant and displayed an extended and short period of viral excretion and symptom. Analysis of cellular and humoral response 72 h post-symptom onset revealed that P1 failed at developing neutralizing antibodies and a potent CD4 memory response (lack of SARS-CoV-2 specific CD4 IL-2 cells) and CD8 effector response (CD8 IFNγ cells). The second participant (P2) developed post-vaccination SARS-CoV-2 infection by a β variant, associated with a short period of viral excretion and symptoms. Despite displaying initially high levels and polyfunctional T cell responses, P2 lacked initial β-directed neutralizing antibodies. Both participants developed and/or increased their neutralization activity and cellular responses against all variants, namely, β and δ variants that lasts up to 3 months after breakthrough infection. An analysis of cellular and humoral response suggests two possible mechanisms of breakthrough infection: a poor immune response to vaccine and viral evasion to neutralizing antibodies.
Publisher: Switzerland: Frontiers
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1664-3224
EISSN: 1664-3224
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.790212
PMID: 35281046
Source: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL) (Open Access)
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources

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Case Report: Evolution of Humoral and Cellular Immunity in Two COVID-19 Breakthrough Infections After BNT162b2 Vaccine

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