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Very low embryonic crude oil exposures cause lasting cardiac defects in salmon and herring

Scientific reports, 2015-09, Vol.5 (1), p.13499, Article 13499 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2015 ;Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited ;ISSN: 2045-2322 ;EISSN: 2045-2322 ;DOI: 10.1038/srep13499 ;PMID: 26345607

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Title:
Very low embryonic crude oil exposures cause lasting cardiac defects in salmon and herring
Author: Incardona, John P ; Carls, Mark G ; Holland, Larry ; Linbo, Tiffany L ; Baldwin, David H ; Myers, Mark S ; Peck, Karen A ; Tagal, Mark ; Rice, Stanley D ; Scholz, Nathaniel L
Subjects: Alaska ; Animals ; Cardiac muscle ; Cardiotoxicity ; Contraction ; Crude oil ; Embryos ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Excitation-contraction coupling ; Fishes ; Fitness ; Heart Defects, Congenital - etiology ; Heart diseases ; Muscle contraction ; Myocardium ; Myocardium - metabolism ; Myocardium - pathology ; Oil spills ; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha ; Petroleum - adverse effects ; Salmon ; Spawning
Is Part Of: Scientific reports, 2015-09, Vol.5 (1), p.13499, Article 13499
Description: The 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster exposed embryos of pink salmon and Pacific herring to crude oil in shoreline spawning habitats throughout Prince William Sound, Alaska. The herring fishery collapsed four years later. The role of the spill, if any, in this decline remains one of the most controversial unanswered questions in modern natural resource injury assessment. Crude oil disrupts excitation-contraction coupling in fish heart muscle cells, and we show here that salmon and herring exposed as embryos to trace levels of crude oil grow into juveniles with abnormal hearts and reduced cardiorespiratory function, the latter a key determinant of individual survival and population recruitment. Oil exposure during cardiogenesis led to specific defects in the outflow tract and compact myocardium, and a hypertrophic response in spongy myocardium, evident in juveniles 7 to 9 months after exposure. The thresholds for developmental cardiotoxicity were remarkably low, suggesting the scale of the Exxon Valdez impact in shoreline spawning habitats was much greater than previously appreciated. Moreover, an irreversible loss of cardiac fitness and consequent increases in delayed mortality in oil-exposed cohorts may have been important contributors to the delayed decline of pink salmon and herring stocks in Prince William Sound.
Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 2045-2322
EISSN: 2045-2322
DOI: 10.1038/srep13499
PMID: 26345607
Source: MEDLINE
PubMed Central
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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Very low embryonic crude oil exposures cause lasting cardiac defects in salmon and herring

Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2015 ;Copyright © 2015, Macmillan Publishers Limited 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited ;ISSN: 2045-2322 ;EISSN: 2045-2322 ;DOI: 10.1038/srep13499 ;PMID: 26345607

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