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The Urban Development Investment Corporations (UDICs) in Chongqing, China
CC BY 3.0 IGO http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/igo/ World Bank
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Title:
The Urban Development Investment Corporations (UDICs) in Chongqing, China
Author:
World Bank
Subjects:
ACCOUNTABILITY
;
ACCOUNTING
;
ACCOUNTING STANDARDS
;
ADB
;
AMORTIZATION
;
ASSET LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
;
ASSET MANAGEMENT
;
ASSET SALES
;
ASSET TRANSFERS
;
AUCTION
;
AUDITING
;
BALANCE SHEET
;
BALANCED BUDGETS
;
BANK
;
BANKING SECTOR
;
BANKING SECTOR REFORMS
;
BANKS
;
BOND
;
BOND ISSUANCE
;
BONDS
;
BORROWING
;
BUDGET
;
BUDGETING
;
BUDGETS
;
CAPITAL
;
CAPITAL BASE
;
CAPITAL REQUIREMENT
;
CAPITAL STRUCTURE
;
CAPITALS
;
CASH FLOW
;
CASH FLOWS
;
CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS
;
COLLECTIONS
;
COMMERCIAL BANK LOANS
;
COMMERCIAL BANKS
;
COMPANY LAW
;
CONTINGENT LIABILITIES
;
CONTINGENT LIABILITY
;
CONTRACT
;
CONTRACTS
;
CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
;
COSTS
;
CREDIT
;
CREDIT RATING
;
CREDIT RATING AGENCY
;
CREDIT RISK
;
CREDITWORTHINESS
;
CRITERIA
;
CURRENT ASSETS
;
DEBT
;
DEBT MANAGEMENT
;
DEFICITS
;
DEVELOPMENT BANK
;
DEVELOPMENT BANKS
;
DIRECT INVESTMENTS
;
DRAINAGE
;
DRIVERS
;
DRIVING
;
ENTERPRISES
;
EQUITY
;
EXCESS LIQUIDITY
;
EXPENDITURE ASSIGNMENTS
;
EXPRESSWAYS
;
FINANCE
;
FINANCE INFRASTRUCTURE
;
FINANCIAL DISTRESS
;
FINANCIAL INFORMATION
;
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
;
FINANCIAL LEVERAGE
;
FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
;
FINANCIAL MARKET
;
FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
;
FINANCIAL PLANNING
;
FINANCIAL POLICIES
;
FINANCIAL RISK
;
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
;
FINANCIAL SUSTAINABILITY
;
FINANCIAL WEAKNESS
;
FINANCING OF INFRASTRUCTURE
;
FINANCING SOURCES
;
FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION
;
FISCAL POLICY
;
FIXED ASSET
;
FOREIGN BANKS
;
FOREIGN EXCHANGE
;
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK
;
FOREIGN EXCHANGE RISK MANAGEMENT
;
FUTURE
;
GOOD
;
GOVERNANCE
;
GOVERNMENT BONDS
;
GOVERNMENT OWNERSHIP
;
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
;
GOVERNMENT REVENUE
;
GOVERNMENT SUBSIDY
;
GRANTS
;
GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT
;
GUARANTEE
;
GUARANTEES
;
HIGHWAY
;
HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION
;
HIGHWAY PROJECTS
;
HIGHWAYS
;
HOUSING
;
HUMAN RESOURCES
;
INDUSTRY
;
INFORMATION SYSTEM
;
INFRASTRUCTURE
;
INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT
;
INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE
;
INFRASTRUCTURE INVESTMENT
;
INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS
;
INITIATIVES
;
INSTITUTIONAL DEVELOPMENT
;
INSURANCE
;
INTANGIBLE
;
INTEREST
;
INTEREST RATE
;
INTEREST RATE RISK
;
INTEREST RATES
;
INTERESTS
;
INTERNAL CONTROLS
;
INTERNATIONAL CREDIT
;
INTERNATIONAL CREDIT RATING
;
INTERNATIONAL RATING AGENCY
;
INVESTMENT CORPORATION
;
INVESTMENT CORPORATIONS
;
INVESTMENT RISK
;
INVESTMENTS
;
INVESTOR
;
JOINT STOCK COMPANY
;
LABOR
;
LAND
;
LAND DEVELOPMENT
;
LAND USE
;
LAND USE POLICIES
;
LAWS
;
LEGAL FRAMEWORK
;
LENDING
;
LIABILITY
;
LIABILITY MANAGEMENT
;
LIQUIDITY MANAGEMENT
;
LIQUIDITY POSITION
;
LOAN
;
LOANS
;
LOCAL FEES
;
LOCAL GOVERNMENT
;
LOCAL GOVERNMENT TAXES
;
LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
;
LOCAL LAWS
;
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS
;
MANDATES
;
MARKET
;
MARKET BORROWING
;
MARKET DEVELOPMENT
;
MARKETS
;
MATURITIES
;
MILEAGE
;
MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENTS
;
MUNICIPALITIES
;
OPERATIONAL REVENUES
;
OPERATIONAL RISKS
;
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
;
PETROLEUM GAS
;
POTENTIAL INVESTORS
;
PRICE SETTING
;
PRICING
;
PRIMARY MARKET
;
PRINCIPAL
;
PROFIT
;
PROFIT MARGIN
;
PROFITABILITY
;
PROJECTS
;
PROPERTY
;
PUBLIC BUDGETS
;
PUBLIC EXPENDITURES
;
PUBLIC SERVICES
;
PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION
;
PUBLIC UTILITIES
;
RAIL TRANSPORT
;
RAIL TRANSPORTATION
;
RAILWAY
;
RAILWAY SECTOR
;
RAILWAYS
;
REORGANIZATION
;
REVENUE
;
REVENUE ASSIGNMENT
;
REVENUE SOURCES
;
RING ROAD
;
RING ROADS
;
RISK
;
RISK CONTROL
;
RISK MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
;
RISK PROFILE
;
ROAD
;
ROAD MAINTENANCE
;
ROAD PROJECTS
;
ROADS
;
SAFETY
;
SANITATION
;
SECURITIES
;
SECURITIES MARKET
;
SECURITY
;
SERVICES
;
SHARE
;
STOCK
;
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS
;
SUBNATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
;
SUBSIDIARIES
;
SUBSIDIARY
;
SUBSIDIES
;
SUBSIDY
;
TAX
;
TAX REFORM
;
TAX REVENUE
;
TAXATION
;
TAXES
;
TAXIS
;
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
;
TOLL
;
TOLL REVENUES
;
TOLL ROADS
;
TRAFFIC
;
TRAFFIC LAWS
;
TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
;
TRAFFIC SYSTEM
;
TRAINS
;
TRANSFERS
;
TRANSPARENCY
;
TRANSPORT
;
TRANSPORT TERMINALS
;
TRANSPORTATION CONSTRUCTION
;
TRANSPORTATION PLAN
;
TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS
;
TRANSPORTATION SERVICES
;
TREASURY
;
TRUE
;
TUNNELS
;
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
;
URBAN RAIL
;
URBAN ROADS
;
URBANIZATION
;
VALUE
;
VEHICLE
;
VEHICLES
;
WAGES
;
WATER SUPPLY
;
WRITEOFFS
Description:
Urban Development Investment Corporations (UDICs) have over the years become the central pillar in the local government drive to build infrastructure in China, where local governments are not allowed to engage in direct market borrowing. UDICs were established during the early 1990s when local governments were under great pressure to both build municipal infrastructure and to reform the role of the government in infrastructure development. The UDIC model provided the local governments with a corporate government structure to borrow from the market and quickly develop infrastructure. They are treated as municipal corporations under the Company Law of the Peoples' Republic of China (PRC). The law does not clarify the relationship between UDICs and the local government, including the limits of the financial liability of the local governments vis-a-vis UDICs. The Government of China (GOC) agencies expect that the World Bank (WB) Technical Assistance Report (TAR), based on the detailed analysis of the financial operations of a selected UDIC in Chongqing, will offer critical technical assistance to the Chongqing Municipal Government (CMG), which can also be shared with other Chinese cities. The GOC agencies realize that this TAR is the first step in the right direction, in that it will specifically address the needs of a reform-minded municipal government and clarify one UDIC model in detail. It is anticipated that similar efforts can be undertaken in the coming years with other reform-minded and high-priority cities that are employing different models of UDIC to finance municipal infrastructure.
Publisher:
World Bank
Creation Date:
2010
Language:
English
Source:
Open Knowledge Repository
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