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Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment

Global change biology. Bioenergy, 2015-09, Vol.7 (5), p.916-944

2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ;Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ;Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sep 2015 ;ISSN: 1757-1693 ;ISSN: 1757-1707 ;EISSN: 1757-1707 ;DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12205

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Title:
Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment
Author: Creutzig, Felix ; Ravindranath, N. H. ; Berndes, Göran ; Bolwig, Simon ; Bright, Ryan ; Cherubini, Francesco ; Chum, Helena ; Corbera, Esteve ; Delucchi, Mark ; Faaij, Andre ; Fargione, Joseph ; Haberl, Helmut ; Heath, Garvin ; Lucon, Oswaldo ; Plevin, Richard ; Popp, Alexander ; Robledo‐Abad, Carmenza ; Rose, Steven ; Smith, Pete ; Stromman, Anders ; Suh, Sangwon ; Masera, Omar
Subjects: 09 BIOMASS FUELS ; Agricultural economics ; Agricultural land ; Agricultural management ; Alternative energy sources ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; Biodiversity ; Biomass ; Biomass energy ; Carbon ; Climate change ; Climate change mitigation ; Climate effects ; Cogeneration ; Community involvement ; Ecosystem assessment ; Ecosystems ; Electric power generation ; Emissions ; Energy ; Energy audits ; Energy utilization ; Environmental assessment ; Environmental changes ; Environmental impact ; Estimates ; Global warming ; land use ; Life cycle analysis ; Mitigation ; R&D ; Raw materials ; Renewable energy ; Research & development ; Researchers ; Risk management ; Rural areas ; Sustainability ; Sustainable development ; technical potential ; technologies ; Uncertainty ; Water use ; Water use efficiency
Is Part Of: Global change biology. Bioenergy, 2015-09, Vol.7 (5), p.916-944
Description: Bioenergy deployment offers significant potential for climate change mitigation, but also carries considerable risks. In this review, we bring together perspectives of various communities involved in the research and regulation of bioenergy deployment in the context of climate change mitigation: Land‐use and energy experts, land‐use and integrated assessment modelers, human geographers, ecosystem researchers, climate scientists and two different strands of life‐cycle assessment experts. We summarize technological options, outline the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on various climate effects, provide an update on estimates of technical resource potential and comprehensively identify sustainability effects. Cellulosic feedstocks, increased end‐use efficiency, improved land carbon‐stock management and residue use, and, when fully developed, BECCS appear as the most promising options, depending on development costs, implementation, learning, and risk management. Combined heat and power, efficient biomass cookstoves and small‐scale power generation for rural areas can help to promote energy access and sustainable development, along with reduced emissions. We estimate the sustainable technical potential as up to 100 EJ: high agreement; 100–300 EJ: medium agreement; above 300 EJ: low agreement. Stabilization scenarios indicate that bioenergy may supply from 10 to 245 EJ yr−1 to global primary energy supply by 2050. Models indicate that, if technological and governance preconditions are met, large‐scale deployment (>200 EJ), together with BECCS, could help to keep global warming below 2° degrees of preindustrial levels; but such high deployment of land‐intensive bioenergy feedstocks could also lead to detrimental climate effects, negatively impact ecosystems, biodiversity and livelihoods. The integration of bioenergy systems into agriculture and forest landscapes can improve land and water use efficiency and help address concerns about environmental impacts. We conclude that the high variability in pathways, uncertainties in technological development and ambiguity in political decision render forecasts on deployment levels and climate effects very difficult. However, uncertainty about projections should not preclude pursuing beneficial bioenergy options.
Publisher: Oxford: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1757-1693
ISSN: 1757-1707
EISSN: 1757-1707
DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12205
Source: Wiley Online Library Open Access

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Bioenergy and climate change mitigation: an assessment

2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ;Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd ;Copyright John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sep 2015 ;ISSN: 1757-1693 ;ISSN: 1757-1707 ;EISSN: 1757-1707 ;DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12205

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