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Size for gestational age affects the risk for type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a Swedish national case–control study

Diabetologia, 2021-05, Vol.64 (5), p.1113-1120 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s) 2021 ;COPYRIGHT 2021 Springer ;The Author(s) 2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 0012-186X ;ISSN: 1432-0428 ;EISSN: 1432-0428 ;DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05381-y ;PMID: 33544169

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Title:
Size for gestational age affects the risk for type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a Swedish national case–control study
Author: Lindell, Nina ; Bladh, Marie ; Carlsson, Annelie ; Josefsson, Ann ; Aakesson, Karin ; Samuelsson, Ulf
Subjects: Adolescent ; Age at onset ; Age of Onset ; Birth Weight - physiology ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; Clinical Medicine ; Development and progression ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus (insulin dependent) ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 - etiology ; Diabetes therapy ; Endocrinology and Diabetes ; Endokrinologi och diabetes ; Environmental factors ; Epidemiology ; Female ; Fetal Development - physiology ; Fetal Macrosomia - complications ; Fetal Macrosomia - epidemiology ; Fetus - anatomy & histology ; Gestational Age ; Human Physiology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Small for Gestational Age ; Internal Medicine ; Klinisk medicin ; Large for gestational age ; Male ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Medicine ; Medicine & Public Health ; Metabolic Diseases ; Obstetrics ; Pediatrics ; Pediatrik ; Pregnancy ; Regression analysis ; Risk factor ; Risk Factors ; Small for gestational age ; Sweden - epidemiology ; Teenagers ; Type 1 diabetes
Is Part Of: Diabetologia, 2021-05, Vol.64 (5), p.1113-1120
Description: Aim/hypothesis Environmental factors are believed to contribute to the risk of developing type 1 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate how size for gestational age affects the risk of developing childhood type 1 diabetes. Methods Using the Swedish paediatric diabetes quality register and the Swedish medical birth register, children with type 1 diabetes diagnosed between 2000 and 2012 ( n = 9376) were matched with four control children ( n = 37,504). Small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA) were defined according to Swedish national standards. Data were initially analysed using Pearson’s χ 2 and thereafter by single and multiple logistic regression models. Results An equal proportion of children were born appropriate for gestational age, but children with type 1 diabetes were more often born LGA and less often born SGA than control children (4.7% vs 3.5% and 2.0% vs 2.6%, respectively, p < 0.001). In the multiple logistic regression analysis, being born LGA increased (adjusted OR 1.16 [95% CI 1.02, 1.32]) and SGA decreased (adjusted OR 0.76 [95% CI 0.63, 0.92]) the risk for type 1 diabetes, regardless of maternal BMI and diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation Size for gestational age of Swedish children affects the risk of type 1 diabetes, with increased risk if the child is born LGA and decreased risk if the child is born SGA. Being born LGA is an independent risk factor for type 1 diabetes irrespective of maternal BMI and diabetes. Thus, reducing the risk for a child being born LGA might to some extent reduce the risk for type 1 diabetes. Graphical abstract
Publisher: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0012-186X
ISSN: 1432-0428
EISSN: 1432-0428
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05381-y
PMID: 33544169
Source: SpringerOpen
MEDLINE
SWEPUB Freely available online
ProQuest Central

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Size for gestational age affects the risk for type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents: a Swedish national case–control study

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