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The traditional and modifiable risk factors of coronary artery disease - a community-based cross-sectional study among 2 populations

Medicine (Baltimore), 2021-10, Vol.100 (39), p.e27350 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. ;Copyright © 2021 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 2021 ;ISSN: 0025-7974 ;EISSN: 1536-5964 ;DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027350 ;PMID: 34596141

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  • Title:
    The traditional and modifiable risk factors of coronary artery disease - a community-based cross-sectional study among 2 populations
  • Author: Dain, Chacko Pearl ; Ganapathi, Sanjay ; Geevar, Zachariah ; Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai ; Ammu, Jayanthi Viswanathan ; Chacko, Manas
  • Subjects: Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Comorbidity ; Coronary Artery Disease - epidemiology ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dyslipidemias - epidemiology ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Humans ; India - epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observational Study ; Periodontal Diseases - epidemiology ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data ; Sex Factors ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Urban Population - statistics & numerical data ; Young Adult
  • Is Part Of: Medicine (Baltimore), 2021-10, Vol.100 (39), p.e27350
  • Description: A community-based cross-sectional study was undertaken by the Cardiology Society of India (Kerala Chapter) to determine the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its risk factors. The periodontal health status of the rural and urban participants in the Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala was evaluated to document any association between periodontal disease (PD) and CAD and to describe any shared risk factors.The participants were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. Socio-demographic data and personal histories were collected using a structured interview schedule and validated tools. Body mass index, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, and biochemical investigations were recorded and analyzed using standard protocols. A modification of the Ramfjord periodontal disease index was used to assess periodontal health.PD was more frequent among rural (61.4%) than in the urban population (35.5%). The frequencies of CAD associated with PD in the rural and urban populations were 82.6% and 40.5%, respectively. PD was not found to be a significant risk factor for CAD in the univariate regression analysis of urban populations. In the rural population, the odds of PD as a risk factor for CAD were found to be 3.08 (95% CI [1.38-8.38]) and significant (P = .043) in univariate regression analysis and 1.54 (95% CI: 0.44-5.4) and non-significant (P = .503) in the multivariate regression analysis.In rural areas, male sex and dyslipidemia demonstrated borderline significance as risk factors for CAD. PD was not found to be an independent risk factor after adjusting for age, sex, tobacco use, hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and dyslipidemia. Male sex and dyslipidemia were identified as shared risk factors between PD and CAD, which could have confounded the significant association between the latter. In urban areas, age, male sex, and dyslipidemia demonstrated an independent association with CAD. This study could not establish an independent association between PD and CAD in either community. Future epidemiological studies should identify and recruit novel environmental factors to understand the interrelationships between PD and CAD and focus on the role of effect modifiers that may have a protective role against PD colluding with CAD.
  • Publisher: United States: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0025-7974
    EISSN: 1536-5964
    DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000027350
    PMID: 34596141
  • Source: Journals@Ovid Open Access Journal Collection Rolling
    Wolters Kluwer Open Health
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    IngentaConnect Open Access Journals
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