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Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic

The Lancet, 2020-05, Vol.395 (10237), p.1607-1608 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2020 Elsevier Ltd ;2020. Not withstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the associated terms available at https://www.elsevier.com/legal/elsevier-website-terms-and-conditions ;2020. Elsevier Ltd ;2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 2020 Elsevier Ltd ;ISSN: 0140-6736 ;EISSN: 1474-547X ;DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1 ;PMID: 32386565

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  • Title:
    Hyperinflammatory shock in children during COVID-19 pandemic
  • Author: Riphagen, Shelley ; Gomez, Xabier ; Gonzalez-Martinez, Carmen ; Wilkinson, Nick ; Theocharis, Paraskevi
  • Subjects: Abdomen ; Adenoviruses ; Albumin ; Albumins ; Alopecia ; Argipressin ; Ascites ; Aspirin ; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ; Autism ; Betacoronavirus ; Calcium-binding protein ; Cardiovascular System ; Ceftriaxone ; Child ; Children ; Children & youth ; Clindamycin ; Conjunctivitis ; Coronavirus Infections ; Coronaviruses ; COVID-19 ; Demographics ; Demography ; Diarrhea ; Dimers ; Discharge ; Dopamine ; Drug therapy ; Edema ; Exposure ; Ferritin ; Headache ; Health services ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; Impairment ; Infarction ; Inflammation ; Intensive care ; Kawasaki disease ; Laboratories ; Lung nodules ; Microbiology ; Monoclonal antibodies ; Nodules ; Noradrenaline ; Pain ; Pandemics ; Patients ; Platelets ; Pneumonia, Viral ; SARS-CoV-2 ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Shock ; Viral diseases ; Vomiting
  • Is Part Of: The Lancet, 2020-05, Vol.395 (10237), p.1607-1608
  • Description: During a period of 10 days in mid-April, 2020, we noted an unprecedented cluster of eight children with hyperinflammatory shock, showing features similar to atypical Kawasaki disease, Kawasaki disease shock syndrome,1 or toxic shock syndrome (typical number is one or two children per week). All of the children were discharged from PICU after 4–6 days. Since discharge, two of the children have tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (including the child who died, in whom SARS-CoV-2 was detected post mortem). Supplementary Material Supplementary appendix Age; weight; BMI; comorbidities Clinical presentation Organ support Pharmacological treatment Imaging results Laboratory results Microbiology results PICU length of stay; outcome Initial PICU referral Patient 1 (male, AfroCaribbean) 14 years; 95 kg; BMI 33 kg/m2; no comorbidities 4 days >40°C; 3 days non-bloody diarrhoea; abdominal pain; headache BP 80/40 mmHg; HR 120 beats/min; RR 40 breaths per min; work of breathing; SatO2 99% NCO2 MV, RRT, VA-ECMO Dopamine, noradrenaline, argipressin, adrenaline milrinone, hydroxicortisone, IVIG, ceftriaxone, clindamycin RV dysfunction/elevate RVSP; ileitis, GB oedema and dilated biliary tree, ascites, bilateral basal lung consolidations and diffuse nodules Ferritin 4220 μg/L; D-dimers 13·4 mg/L; troponin 675 ng/L; proBNP >35 000; CRP 556 mg/L; procalcitonin>100 μg/L; albumin 20 g/L; platelets 123 × 109 SARS-CoV-2 positive (post mortem) 6 days; demise (right MCA and ACA ischaemic infarction) Patient 2 (male, AfroCaribbean) 8 years; 30 kg; BMI 18 kg/m2; no comorbidities 5 days >39°C; non-bloody diarrhoea; abdominal pain; conjunctivitis; rash BP 81/37 mmHg; HR 165 beats/min; RR 40 breaths/min; SVIA MV Noradrenaline, adrenaline, IVIG, infliximab, methylprednisolone, ceftriaxone, clindamycin Mild biventricular dysfunction, severely dilated coronaries; ascites, pleural effusions Ferritin 277 μg/L; D-dimers 4·8 mg/L; troponin 25 ng/L; CRP 295 mg/L; procalcitonin 8·4 μg/L; albumin 18 g/L; platelets 61 × 109 SARS-CoV-2 negative; likely COVID-19 exposure from mother 4 days; alive Patient 3 (male, Middle-Eastern) 4 years; 18 kg; BMI 17 kg/m2; no comorbidities 4 days >39°C; diarrhoea and vomiting; abdominal pain; rash; conjunctivitis BP 90/30 mmHg; HR 170 beats/min; RR 35 breaths/min; SVIA MV Noradrenaline, adrenaline, IVIG ceftriaxone, clindamycin Ascites, pleural effusions Ferritin 574 μg/L; D-dimers 11·7 mg/L; tropinin 45 ng/L; CRP 322 mg/L; procalcitonin 10·3 μg/L; albumin 22 g/L; platelets 103 × 109 Adenovirus positive; HERV positive 4 days; alive Patient 4 (female, AfroCaribbean) 13 years; 64 kg; BMI 33 kg/m2; no comorbidities 5 days >39°C; non-bloody diarrhoea; abdominal pain; conjunctivitis BP 77/41 mmHg; HR 127 beats/min; RR 24 breaths/min; SVIA HFNC Noradrenaline, milrinone, IVIG, ceftriaxone, clindamycin Moderate-severe LV dysfunction; ascites Ferritin 631 μg/L; D-dimers 3·4 mg/L; troponin 250 ng/L; proBNP 13427 ng/L; CRP 307 mg/L; procalcitonin 12·1 μg/L; albumin 21 g/L; platelets 146 × 109 SARS-CoV-2 negative 5 days; alive Patient 5 (male, Asian) 6 years; 22 kg; BMI 14 kg/m2; autism, ADHD 4 days >39°C; odynophagia; rash; conjunctivitis BP 85/43 mmHg; HR 150 beats/min; RR 50 breaths/min; SVIA NIV Milrinone, IVIG, methylprednisolone, aspirin, ceftriaxone Dilated LV, AVVR, pericoronary hyperechogenicity Ferritin 550 μg/L; D-dimers 11·1 mg/L; troponin 47 ng/L; NT-proBNP 7004 ng/L; CRP 183 mg/L; albumin 24 g/L; platelets 165 × 109 SARS-CoV-2 positive; likely COVID-19 exposure from father 4 days; alive Patient 6 (female, AfroCaribbean) 6 years; 26 kg; BMI 15 kg/m2; no comorbidities 5 days >39°C; myalgia; 3 days diarrhoea and vomiting; conjunctivitis BP 77/46 mmHg; HR 120 beats/min; RR 40 breaths/min; SVIA NIV Dopamine, noradrenaline, milrinone, IVIG, methylprednisolone, aspirin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin Mild LV systolic impairment Ferritin 1023 μg/L; D-dimers 9·9 mg/L; troponin 45 ng/L; NT-proBNP 9376 ng/L; CRP mg/L 169; procalcitonin 11·6 μg/L; albumin 25 g/L; platelets 158 SARS-CoV-2 negative; confirmed COVID-19 exposure from grandfather 3 days; alive Patient 7 (male, AfroCaribbean 12 years; 50kg; BMI 20 kg/m2; alopecia areata, hayfever 4 days >39°C; 2 days diarrhoea and vomiting; abdominal pain; rash; odynophagia; headache BP 80/48 mmHg; HR 125 beats/min; RR 47 breaths/min; SatO2 98%; HFNC FiO2 0.35 MV Noradrenaline, adrenaline, milrinone, IVIG, methylprednisolone, heparin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin, metronidazole Severe biventricular impairment; ileitis, ascites, pleural effusions Ferritin 958 μg/L; D-dimer 24·5 mg/L; troponin 813 ng/L; NT-proBNP >35 000 ng/L; CRP 251 mg/L; procalcitonin 71·5 μg/L; albumin 24 g/L; platelets 273 × 109 SARS-CoV-2 negative 4 days; alive Patient 8 (female, AfroCaribbean) 8 years; 50 kg; BMI 25 kg/m2; no comorbidities 4 days >39°C; odynophagia; 2 days diarrhoea and vomiting; abdominal pain BP 82/41 mmHg; HR 130 beats/min; RR 35 breaths/min; SatO2 97% NCO2 MV Dopamine, noradrenaline, milrinone, IVIG, aspirin, ceftriaxone, clindamycin Moderate LV dysfunction Ferritin 460 μg/L; D-dimers 4·3 mg/L; troponin 120 ng/L; CRP 347 mg/L; procalcitonin 7·42 μg/L; albumin 22 g/L; platelets 296 × 109 SARS-CoV-2 negative; likely COVID-19 exposure from parent 7 days; alive Table Demographics, clinical findings, imaging findings, treatment, and outcome from PICU
  • Publisher: England: Elsevier Ltd
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0140-6736
    EISSN: 1474-547X
    DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31094-1
    PMID: 32386565
  • Source: Coronavirus Research Database
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