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The balancing act of R-loop biology: The good, the bad, and the ugly

The Journal of biological chemistry, 2020-01, Vol.295 (4), p.905-913 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2020 Hegazy et al. 2020 Hegazy et al. ;ISSN: 0021-9258 ;EISSN: 1083-351X ;DOI: 10.1074/jbc.REV119.011353 ;PMID: 31843970

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  • Title:
    The balancing act of R-loop biology: The good, the bad, and the ugly
  • Author: Hegazy, Youssef A. ; Fernando, Chrishan M. ; Tran, Elizabeth J.
  • Subjects: JBC Reviews
  • Is Part Of: The Journal of biological chemistry, 2020-01, Vol.295 (4), p.905-913
  • Description: An R-loop is a three-stranded nucleic acid structure that consists of a DNA:RNA hybrid and a displaced strand of DNA. R-loops occur frequently in genomes and have significant physiological importance. They play vital roles in regulating gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA and histone modifications. Several studies have uncovered that R-loops contribute to fundamental biological processes in various organisms. Paradoxically, although they do play essential positive functions required for important biological processes, they can also contribute to DNA damage and genome instability. Recent evidence suggests that R-loops are involved in a number of human diseases, including neurological disorders, cancer, and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the molecular basis for R-loop–mediated gene regulation and genomic instability and briefly discusses methods for identifying R-loops in vivo . It also highlights recent studies indicating the role of R-loops in DNA double-strand break repair with an updated view of much-needed future goals in R-loop biology.
  • Publisher: 11200 Rockville Pike, Suite 302, Rockville, MD 20852-3110, U.S.A: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0021-9258
    EISSN: 1083-351X
    DOI: 10.1074/jbc.REV119.011353
    PMID: 31843970
  • Source: PubMed Central
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
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