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Lignocellulose pretreatment in a fungus-cultivating termite

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2017-05, Vol.114 (18), p.4709-4714 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences May 2, 2017 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618360114 ;PMID: 28424249

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Title:
Lignocellulose pretreatment in a fungus-cultivating termite
Author: Li, Hongjie ; Yelle, Daniel J. ; Li, Chang ; Yang, Mengyi ; Ke, Jing ; Zhang, Ruijuan ; Liu, Yu ; Zhu, Na ; Liang, Shiyou ; Mo, Xiaochang ; Ralph, John ; Currie, Cameron R. ; Mo, Jianchu
Subjects: age polyethism ; BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; Biodegradation ; Biological Sciences ; carbohydrate ; Cell walls ; Degradation ; Depolymerization ; Electron microscopy ; Feeding ; Flowers & plants ; Fungi ; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY ; Lignin ; Lignocellulose ; Linkages ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Oligosaccharides ; Phenolic compounds ; Phenols ; Polymers ; Polysaccharides ; Poplar ; Pretreatment ; Saccharides ; Symbiosis ; Termites ; Transit time ; Xylose
Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2017-05, Vol.114 (18), p.4709-4714
Description: Depolymerizing lignin, the complex phenolic polymer fortifying plant cell walls, is an essential but challenging starting point for the lignocellulosics industries. The variety of ether– and carbon–carbon interunit linkages produced via radical coupling during lignification limit chemical and biological depolymerization efficiency. In an ancient fungus-cultivating termite system, we reveal unprecedentedly rapid lignin depolymerization and degradation by combining laboratory feeding experiments, lignocellulosic compositional measurements, electron microscopy, 2D-NMR, and thermochemolysis. In a gut transit time of under 3.5 h, in young worker termites, poplar lignin sidechains are extensively cleaved and the polymer is significantly depleted, leaving a residue almost completely devoid of various condensed units that are traditionally recognized to be the most recalcitrant. Subsequently, the fungus-comb microbiome preferentially uses xylose and cleaves polysaccharides, thus facilitating final utilization of easily digestible oligosaccharides by old worker termites. This complementary symbiotic pretreatment process in the fungus-growing termite symbiosis reveals a previously unappreciated natural system for efficient lignocellulose degradation.
Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
EISSN: 1091-6490
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618360114
PMID: 28424249
Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
PubMed Central

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Lignocellulose pretreatment in a fungus-cultivating termite

Volumes 1–89 and 106–114, copyright as a collective work only; author(s) retains copyright to individual articles ;Copyright National Academy of Sciences May 2, 2017 ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618360114 ;PMID: 28424249

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