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Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2009-03, Vol.106 (9), p.3249-3253 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright National Academy of Sciences Mar 3, 2009 ;2009 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA ;ISSN: 0027-8424 ;EISSN: 1091-6490 ;DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810635106 ;PMID: 19204277

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  • Title:
    Kelp genes reveal effects of subantarctic sea ice during the Last Glacial Maximum
  • Author: Fraser, Ceridwen I ; Nikula, Raisa ; Spencer, Hamish G ; Waters, Jonathan M
  • Subjects: Algae ; Antarctic Regions ; Biological Sciences ; Durvillaea antarctica ; Ecological genetics ; Evolutionary genetics ; Genetics ; Glaciers ; Haplotypes ; Ice Cover ; Kelp - genetics ; Marine ; Marine ecology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oceans ; Phylogeny ; Plant populations ; Population genetics ; Rafting ; Sea ice ; Sea water
  • Is Part Of: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2009-03, Vol.106 (9), p.3249-3253
  • Description: The end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) dramatically reshaped temperate ecosystems, with many species moving poleward as temperatures rose and ice receded. Whereas reinvading terrestrial taxa tracked melting glaciers, marine biota recolonized ocean habitats freed by retreating sea ice. The extent of sea ice in the Southern Hemisphere during the LGM has, however, yet to be fully resolved, with most palaeogeographic studies suggesting only minimal or patchy ice cover in subantarctic waters. Here, through population genetic analyses of the widespread Southern Bull Kelp (Durvillaea antarctica), we present evidence for persistent ice scour affecting subantarctic islands during the LGM. Using mitochondrial and chloroplast genetic markers (COI; rbcL) to genetically characterize some 300 kelp samples from 45 Southern Ocean localities, we reveal a remarkable pattern of recent recolonization in the subantarctic. Specifically, in contrast to the marked phylogeographic structure observed across coastal New Zealand and Chile (10- to 100-km scales), subantarctic samples show striking genetic homogeneity over vast distances (10,000-km scales), with a single widespread haplotype observed for each marker. From these results, we suggest that sea ice expanded further and ice scour during the LGM impacted shallow-water subantarctic marine ecosystems more extensively than previously suggested.
  • Publisher: United States: National Academy of Sciences
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0027-8424
    EISSN: 1091-6490
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0810635106
    PMID: 19204277
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
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