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Chlorinated fluorenes and alkylfluorenes in bleached kraft pulp and pulp mill discharges
Chemosphere (Oxford), 1994, Vol.28 (12), p.2139-2150
[Peer Reviewed Journal]
1994 ;1994 INIST-CNRS ;ISSN: 0045-6535 ;EISSN: 1879-1298 ;DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90182-1 ;CODEN: CMSHAF
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Title:
Chlorinated fluorenes and alkylfluorenes in bleached kraft pulp and pulp mill discharges
Author:
Koistinen, J.
;
Paasivirta, J.
;
Nevalainen, T.
;
Lahtiperä, M.
Subjects:
Analytical chemistry
;
Applied sciences
;
bleaching
;
Chemistry
;
chlorinated hydrocarbons
;
Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography
;
Exact sciences and technology
;
Freshwater
;
Gas chromatographic methods
;
Industrial wastewaters
;
kraft pulping
;
organochlorine compounds
;
Pollution
;
polycyclic hydrocarbons
;
pulp and paper mill effluents
;
Wastewaters
;
Water treatment and pollution
;
wood pulp
Is Part Of:
Chemosphere (Oxford), 1994, Vol.28 (12), p.2139-2150
Description:
The occurrence and levels of polychlorinated fluorenes (PCFLs), methylfluorenes (C 1-PCFLs) and dimethylfluorenes (C 2-PCFLs) were studied by high resolution gas chromatography/high resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) in hardwood and softwood pulp, effluent and biosludge from a bleached kraft mill. Semiquantitative concentrations of these compounds were estimated using selected ion monitoring and a mass spectral resolution of 10,000. The identification of PCFLs and C 1-PCFLs was confirmed by the chlorination mixtures of fluorene and 2-methylfluorene. Several congeners were found for each compound groups studied and isomer patterns were similar in bleached pulp and biosludge. The approximated sum levels of di- and trichloro isomers of PCFLs, C 1-PCFLs and C 2-PCFLs in the biosludge were about 2, 5 and 4 ng/g dry weight (dw), respectively. The levels of the corresponding compounds in the softwood pulp were 0.5, 0.8 and 0.2 ng/g dw, respectively. Of the studied compounds, only C 1-diCFLs (0.01 ng/g dw) were detected in the hardwood pulp. In the effluent, PCFLs were non-detectable, but traces of C 1-diCFLs (0.5 ng/L) and C 2-pentaCFLs (0.06 ng/L) were found. These were observed mainly as dissolved in the filtrate and not as particle-bound.
Publisher:
Oxford: Elsevier Ltd
Language:
English
Identifier:
ISSN: 0045-6535
EISSN: 1879-1298
DOI: 10.1016/0045-6535(94)90182-1
CODEN: CMSHAF
Source:
Alma/SFX Local Collection
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