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3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys

Nature (London), 2017-09, Vol.549 (7672), p.365-369 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group ;COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group ;Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 21, 2017 ;ISSN: 0028-0836 ;EISSN: 1476-4687 ;DOI: 10.1038/nature23894 ;PMID: 28933439

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Title:
3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys
Author: Martin, John H ; Yahata, Brennan D ; Hundley, Jacob M ; Mayer, Justin A ; Schaedler, Tobias A ; Pollock, Tresa M
Subjects: 3-D printers ; 3D printing ; Additive manufacturing ; Aerospace industry ; Aircraft components ; Alloy powders ; Alloy systems ; Alloying additive ; Alloys ; Aluminum ; Aluminum alloys ; Aluminum base alloys ; Automobile industry ; Automotive engineering ; Automotive parts ; Biomedical materials ; Chromium ; Crystallography ; Customization ; Ductility ; Hard surfacing ; Injection molding ; Innovations ; Intermetallic compounds ; Laser beam melting ; Laser beam welding ; Lasers ; Manufacturing ; Materials ; Melting ; Metals ; Nanoparticles ; Nickel ; Nickel base alloys ; Printing ; Production processes ; Raw materials ; Solidification ; Solids ; Technology ; Weight reduction
Is Part Of: Nature (London), 2017-09, Vol.549 (7672), p.365-369
Description: Metal-based additive manufacturing, or three-dimensional (3D) printing, is a potentially disruptive technology across multiple industries, including the aerospace, biomedical and automotive industries. Building up metal components layer by layer increases design freedom and manufacturing flexibility, thereby enabling complex geometries, increased product customization and shorter time to market, while eliminating traditional economy-of-scale constraints. However, currently only a few alloys, the most relevant being AlSi10Mg, TiAl6V4, CoCr and Inconel 718, can be reliably printed; the vast majority of the more than 5,500 alloys in use today cannot be additively manufactured because the melting and solidification dynamics during the printing process lead to intolerable microstructures with large columnar grains and periodic cracks. Here we demonstrate that these issues can be resolved by introducing nanoparticles of nucleants that control solidification during additive manufacturing. We selected the nucleants on the basis of crystallographic information and assembled them onto 7075 and 6061 series aluminium alloy powders. After functionalization with the nucleants, we found that these high-strength aluminium alloys, which were previously incompatible with additive manufacturing, could be processed successfully using selective laser melting. Crack-free, equiaxed (that is, with grains roughly equal in length, width and height), fine-grained microstructures were achieved, resulting in material strengths comparable to that of wrought material. Our approach to metal-based additive manufacturing is applicable to a wide range of alloys and can be implemented using a range of additive machines. It thus provides a foundation for broad industrial applicability, including where electron-beam melting or directed-energy-deposition techniques are used instead of selective laser melting, and will enable additive manufacturing of other alloy systems, such as non-weldable nickel superalloys and intermetallics. Furthermore, this technology could be used in conventional processing such as in joining, casting and injection moulding, in which solidification cracking and hot tearing are also common issues.
Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0028-0836
EISSN: 1476-4687
DOI: 10.1038/nature23894
PMID: 28933439
Source: ProQuest One Psychology
ProQuest Central

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3D printing of high-strength aluminium alloys

COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group ;COPYRIGHT 2017 Nature Publishing Group ;Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 21, 2017 ;ISSN: 0028-0836 ;EISSN: 1476-4687 ;DOI: 10.1038/nature23894 ;PMID: 28933439

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