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Novel functions of platelets in the liver

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2016-04, Vol.31 (4), p.745-751 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2015 The Authors. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. ;ISSN: 0815-9319 ;EISSN: 1440-1746 ;DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13244 ;PMID: 26632220

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Title:
Novel functions of platelets in the liver
Author: Kurokawa, Tomohiro ; Zheng, Yun-Wen ; Ohkohchi, Nobuhiro
Subjects: Adenine Nucleotides - metabolism ; adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP) ; Blood Platelets - metabolism ; Blood Platelets - physiology ; blood transfusion ; Chronic Disease ; chronic liver disease ; cirrhosis ; Collagen - metabolism ; Cyclic AMP - metabolism ; eltrombopag ; Hepatic Stellate Cells - metabolism ; hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) ; Humans ; Kupffer cell ; liver ; Liver Diseases - etiology ; Liver Diseases - metabolism ; Liver Diseases - physiopathology ; Liver Diseases - therapy ; Liver Regeneration ; liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) ; platelet ; Platelet Transfusion ; thrombocytopenia ; Thrombocytopenia - etiology ; thrombopoietin ; Thrombopoietin - metabolism
Is Part Of: Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology, 2016-04, Vol.31 (4), p.745-751
Description: Platelets contain not only proteins needed for hemostasis but also many growth factors that are required for organ development, tissue regeneration, and repair. Thrombocytopenia, which is frequently observed in patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis, is due to various causes, such as decreased thrombopoietin production and accelerated platelet destruction caused by hypersplenism; however, the relationship between thrombocytopenia and hepatic pathogenesis and the role of platelets in CLD are poorly understood. Thus, in this paper, the experimental evidence for platelets improving liver fibrosis and accelerating liver regeneration is summarized and addressed based on studies conducted in our laboratory and current progress reports from other investigators. Platelets improve liver fibrosis by inactivating hepatic stellate cells to decrease collagen production. The level of intracellular cAMP is increased by adenosine through its receptors on hepatic stellate cells, thereby resulting in inactivation of these cells. Adenosine is produced by degradation of adenine nucleotides, which are stored in abundance within the dense granules of platelets. The regenerative effect of platelets in the liver consists of three mechanisms: a direct effect on hepatocytes, a cooperative effect with liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, and a collaborative effect with Kupffer cells. Based on these experiments, a clinical trial suggested that the increase in platelets induced by platelet transfusion improved liver function in patients with CLD in a clinical setting.We highlight the current knowledge concerning the role of platelets in CLD and expect to open a novel avenue for application of these clinical therapies to treat liver disease.
Publisher: Australia: Blackwell Publishing Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0815-9319
EISSN: 1440-1746
DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13244
PMID: 26632220
Source: MEDLINE
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Novel functions of platelets in the liver

2015 The Authors. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology published by Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd. ;ISSN: 0815-9319 ;EISSN: 1440-1746 ;DOI: 10.1111/jgh.13244 ;PMID: 26632220

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