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Broad-spectrum light pollution suppresses melatonin and increases West Nile virus–induced mortality in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)

The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.), 2020-08, Vol.122 (3), p.1-13 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Published by Oxford University Press for the American Ornithological Society 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. ;Copyright American Ornithological Society Aug 2020 ;ISSN: 0010-5422 ;EISSN: 1938-5129 ;DOI: 10.1093/condor/duaa018

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Title:
Broad-spectrum light pollution suppresses melatonin and increases West Nile virus–induced mortality in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Author: Kernbach, Meredith E ; Cassone, Vincent M ; Unnasch, Thomas R ; Martin, Lynn B
Subjects: Anthropogenic factors ; Birds ; Bulbs ; Color ; Color temperature ; competencia del anfitrión ; Composition effects ; eco-inmunología ; Energy efficiency ; Environmental health ; Exposure ; House Sparrow ; Human influences ; immunity ; Infectious diseases ; Light emitting diodes ; Light pollution ; Light sources ; luz artificial nocturna ; Melatonin ; Mortality ; Natural lighting ; Night ; Passer domesticus ; polución lumínica ; Public health ; RESEARCH ARTICLE ; reservoir ; resistance ; resistencia ; Spectral composition ; Spectral emittance ; Vector-borne diseases ; Viremia ; virus del Nilo Occidental ; Viruses ; Vomeronasal organ ; West Nile virus ; Wildlife
Is Part Of: The Condor (Los Angeles, Calif.), 2020-08, Vol.122 (3), p.1-13
Description: Artificial light at night (ALAN) has become a pervasive anthropogenic stressor for both humans and wildlife. Although many negative impacts of ALAN on human health have been identified, the consequences for infectious disease dynamics are largely unexplored. With the increase in popularity of energy efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs), the effects of spectral composition of ALAN have also come into question. Previous studies showed that exposure to low levels of incandescent ALAN extended the infectious period of House Sparrows (Passer domesticus) infected with West Nile virus (WNV) without affecting mortality rates, thus increasing the pathogen initial reproductive rate (R0) by ∼41%. Here, we asked whether exposure to broad-spectrum (3000 K [Kelvin; unit of color temperature]) ALAN suppressed melatonin, a hormone implicated in ALAN-induced physiological consequences, in House Sparrows. We then asked whether amber-hue bulbs (1800 K) could ameliorate the effects of WNV on individual sparrows, and whether broad-spectrum or blue-rich bulbs (3000 K and 5000 K, respectively) could exacerbate them. We found that exposure to low intensity (∼5 lux) broad-spectrum (3000 K) ALAN significantly suppressed melatonin levels throughout the night. Second, we found that exposure to broad-spectrum and blue-rich (3000 + 5000 K) lights did not affect WNV viremia but did increase WNV-induced mortality. Conversely, birds exposed to amber-hue (1800 K) ALAN had lower viremia and mortality rates similar to controls (i.e. natural light conditions). This study demonstrates that ALAN affects melatonin regulation in birds, but this effect, as well as ALAN influences on infectious disease responses, can be ameliorated by particular lighting technologies.
Publisher: Waco: University of California Press
Language: English;Spanish
Identifier: ISSN: 0010-5422
EISSN: 1938-5129
DOI: 10.1093/condor/duaa018
Source: Free E Journals

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Broad-spectrum light pollution suppresses melatonin and increases West Nile virus–induced mortality in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)

Published by Oxford University Press for the American Ornithological Society 2020. This work is written by (a) US Government employee(s) and is in the public domain in the US. ;Copyright American Ornithological Society Aug 2020 ;ISSN: 0010-5422 ;EISSN: 1938-5129 ;DOI: 10.1093/condor/duaa018

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