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Salt efflorescence as indicator for sources of damaging salts on historic buildings and monuments: a statistical approach

Environmental earth sciences, 2018-08, Vol.77 (16), p.1-20, Article 572 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 ;Environmental Earth Sciences is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. ;ISSN: 1866-6280 ;EISSN: 1866-6299 ;DOI: 10.1007/s12665-018-7752-4

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Title:
Salt efflorescence as indicator for sources of damaging salts on historic buildings and monuments: a statistical approach
Author: Siedel, Heiner
Subjects: Air pollution ; Alkalies ; Alkalis ; Analytical chemistry ; Anions ; Atmospheric pollution ; Binders ; Biogeosciences ; Carbonates ; Cations ; Chemical analysis ; Construction ; Damage ; Destructive testing ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth science ; Earth Sciences ; Efflorescence ; Environmental Science and Engineering ; exploitation ; Frequency ; Geochemistry ; Geology ; Gypsum ; Halite ; Halites ; High frequency ; Historic buildings & sites ; Historical buildings ; Hydrology/Water Resources ; Investigations ; Magnesium ; Magnesium sulphates ; Memorials & monuments ; Nitrates ; Organic chemistry ; Porous materials ; properties and durability ; Salt ; Salts ; Samples ; Sodium ; Sodium sulfate ; Software ; Statistical analysis ; Statistical methods ; Stone in the Architectural Heritage: from quarry to monuments – environment ; Substrates ; Sulfates ; Sulfur ; Sulphates ; Terrestrial Pollution ; Thematic Issue
Is Part Of: Environmental earth sciences, 2018-08, Vol.77 (16), p.1-20, Article 572
Description: The results of XRD analyses of salt types found in more than 300 samples of efflorescence on buildings and monuments in Saxony (Germany) have been statistically evaluated. The major salt types are gypsum, magnesium sulphates, and sodium sulphates. The frequency of other alkali sulphates as well as of alkali carbonates, which are normally not detected in routine chemical analyses, is also remarkable. Nitrates (niter, nitratine) were found in about 15% of all investigated samples, whereas the chloride halite was only detected in 6% of all samples. The results correspond well to those for other regions in southern and central Germany. Efflorescing salts are only to a limited extent representative for the mixture of ions in a substrate. A thorough analysis of the salt system with respect to its damage potential needs quantitative (destructive) chemical analysis of anions and cations. However, analysis of efflorescence offers a non-destructive approach to assess the potential sources of frequently crystallising salts. The high frequency of sulphate salts indicates the long-term influence of air pollution, whereas the frequent occurrence of alkali salts gives hints towards the dominating role of hydraulic binders supplying soluble alkalis for salt formation.
Publisher: Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1866-6280
EISSN: 1866-6299
DOI: 10.1007/s12665-018-7752-4
Source: ProQuest Central

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Salt efflorescence as indicator for sources of damaging salts on historic buildings and monuments: a statistical approach

Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018 ;Environmental Earth Sciences is a copyright of Springer, (2018). All Rights Reserved. ;ISSN: 1866-6280 ;EISSN: 1866-6299 ;DOI: 10.1007/s12665-018-7752-4

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