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Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence

PloS one, 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e35671-e35671 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science ;COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science ;2012. This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;This is an open-access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication. 2012 ;ISSN: 1932-6203 ;EISSN: 1932-6203 ;DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035671 ;PMID: 22693548

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  • Title:
    Leishmaniasis worldwide and global estimates of its incidence
  • Author: Alvar, Jorge ; Vélez, Iván D ; Bern, Caryn ; Herrero, Mercé ; Desjeux, Philippe ; Cano, Jorge ; Jannin, Jean ; den Boer, Margriet
  • Kirk, Martyn
  • Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome ; AIDS ; Biology ; Cutaneous leishmaniasis ; Epidemiology ; Fatalities ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Incidence ; Internationality ; Leishmaniasis ; Leishmaniasis - epidemiology ; Leishmaniasis - etiology ; Leishmaniasis - mortality ; Literature reviews ; Male ; Medicine ; Parasitic diseases ; Time Factors ; Tropical diseases ; Vector-borne diseases ; World Health Organization
  • Is Part Of: PloS one, 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e35671-e35671
  • Description: As part of a World Health Organization-led effort to update the empirical evidence base for the leishmaniases, national experts provided leishmaniasis case data for the last 5 years and information regarding treatment and control in their respective countries and a comprehensive literature review was conducted covering publications on leishmaniasis in 98 countries and three territories (see 'Leishmaniasis Country Profiles Text S1, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9, S10, S11, S12, S13, S14, S15, S16, S17, S18, S19, S20, S21, S22, S23, S24, S25, S26, S27, S28, S29, S30, S31, S32, S33, S34, S35, S36, S37, S38, S39, S40, S41, S42, S43, S44, S45, S46, S47, S48, S49, S50, S51, S52, S53, S54, S55, S56, S57, S58, S59, S60, S61, S62, S63, S64, S65, S66, S67, S68, S69, S70, S71, S72, S73, S74, S75, S76, S77, S78, S79, S80, S81, S82, S83, S84, S85, S86, S87, S88, S89, S90, S91, S92, S93, S94, S95, S96, S97, S98, S99, S100, S101'). Additional information was collated during meetings conducted at WHO regional level between 2007 and 2011. Two questionnaires regarding epidemiology and drug access were completed by experts and national program managers. Visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence ranges were estimated by country and epidemiological region based on reported incidence, underreporting rates if available, and the judgment of national and international experts. Based on these estimates, approximately 0.2 to 0.4 cases and 0.7 to 1.2 million VL and CL cases, respectively, occur each year. More than 90% of global VL cases occur in six countries: India, Bangladesh, Sudan, South Sudan, Ethiopia and Brazil. Cutaneous leishmaniasis is more widely distributed, with about one-third of cases occurring in each of three epidemiological regions, the Americas, the Mediterranean basin, and western Asia from the Middle East to Central Asia. The ten countries with the highest estimated case counts, Afghanistan, Algeria, Colombia, Brazil, Iran, Syria, Ethiopia, North Sudan, Costa Rica and Peru, together account for 70 to 75% of global estimated CL incidence. Mortality data were extremely sparse and generally represent hospital-based deaths only. Using an overall case-fatality rate of 10%, we reach a tentative estimate of 20,000 to 40,000 leishmaniasis deaths per year. Although the information is very poor in a number of countries, this is the first in-depth exercise to better estimate the real impact of leishmaniasis. These data should help to define control strategies and reinforce leishmaniasis advocacy.
  • Publisher: United States: Public Library of Science
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
    EISSN: 1932-6203
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035671
    PMID: 22693548
  • Source: PLoS (Open access)
    Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
    MEDLINE
    ProQuest Databases
    PubMed Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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