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The effects of handling and anesthetic agents on the stress response and carbohydrate metabolism in northern elephant seals

PloS one, 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e38442 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science ;COPYRIGHT 2012 Public Library of Science ;2012 Champagne et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;Champagne et al. 2012 ;ISSN: 1932-6203 ;EISSN: 1932-6203 ;DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038442 ;PMID: 22693622

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Title:
The effects of handling and anesthetic agents on the stress response and carbohydrate metabolism in northern elephant seals
Author: Champagne, Cory D ; Houser, Dorian S ; Costa, Daniel P ; Crocker, Daniel E
Fuentes, Juan
Subjects: Age Factors ; Analysis ; Anesthesia ; Anesthetics - adverse effects ; Animal behavior ; Animals ; Anthropogenic factors ; Biology ; Blood Glucose - biosynthesis ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Blood levels ; Breeding ; Carbohydrate metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism - drug effects ; Carbohydrates ; Central nervous system agents ; Corticosteroids ; Cortisol ; Dextrose ; Diazepam ; Ecological risk assessment ; Endocrine System - drug effects ; Endocrine System - metabolism ; Environmental conditions ; Epinephrine ; Epinephrine - blood ; Epinephrine - metabolism ; Female ; Food availability ; Glucocorticoids ; Glucose ; Glucose metabolism ; Handling ; Hormones ; Human influences ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Hydrocortisone - metabolism ; Ketamine ; Male ; Marine mammals ; Metabolism ; Predation ; Restraint, Physical - adverse effects ; Rodents ; Seals ; Seals, Earless - blood ; Seals, Earless - metabolism ; Seals, Earless - psychology ; Sedatives ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - blood ; Stress, Psychological - etiology ; Stress, Psychological - metabolism ; Stresses ; Studies ; Veterinary Science ; Weaning
Is Part Of: PloS one, 2012-05, Vol.7 (5), p.e38442
Description: Free-ranging animals often cope with fluctuating environmental conditions such as weather, food availability, predation risk, the requirements of breeding, and the influence of anthropogenic factors. Consequently, researchers are increasingly measuring stress markers, especially glucocorticoids, to understand stress, disturbance, and population health. Studying free-ranging animals, however, comes with numerous difficulties posed by environmental conditions and the particular characteristics of study species. Performing measurements under either physical restraint or chemical sedation may affect the physiological variable under investigation and lead to values that may not reflect the standard functional state of the animal. This study measured the stress response resulting from different handling conditions in northern elephant seals and any ensuing influences on carbohydrate metabolism. Endogenous glucose production (EGP) was measured using [6-(3)H]glucose and plasma cortisol concentration was measured from blood samples drawn during three-hour measurement intervals. These measurements were conducted in weanlings and yearlings with and without the use of chemical sedatives--under chemical sedation, physical restraint, or unrestrained. We compared these findings with measurements in adult seals sedated in the field. The method of handling had a significant influence on the stress response and carbohydrate metabolism. Physically restrained weanlings and yearlings transported to the lab had increased concentrations of circulating cortisol (F(11, 46) = 25.2, p<0.01) and epinephrine (F(3, 12) = 5.8, p = 0.01). Physical restraint led to increased EGP (t = 3.1, p = 0.04) and elevated plasma glucose levels (t = 8.2, p<0.01). Animals chemically sedated in the field typically did not exhibit a cortisol stress response. The combination of anesthetic agents (Telazol, ketamine, and diazepam) used in this study appeared to alleviate a cortisol stress response due to handling in the field without altering carbohydrate metabolism. Measures of hormone concentrations and metabolism made under these conditions are more likely to reflect basal values.
Publisher: United States: Public Library of Science
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
EISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038442
PMID: 22693622
Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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The effects of handling and anesthetic agents on the stress response and carbohydrate metabolism in northern elephant seals

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