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Carbon dioxide and methane measurements from the Los Angeles Megacity Carbon Project - Part 1: calibration, urban enhancements, and uncertainty estimates

Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 2017-07, Vol.17 (13), p.8313-8341 [Tạp chí có phản biện]

Copyright Copernicus GmbH 2017 ;2017. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 1680-7316 ;ISSN: 1680-7324 ;EISSN: 1680-7324 ;DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8313-2017 ;PMID: 30984251

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  • Nhan đề:
    Carbon dioxide and methane measurements from the Los Angeles Megacity Carbon Project - Part 1: calibration, urban enhancements, and uncertainty estimates
  • Tác giả: Verhulst, Kristal R ; Karion, Anna ; Kim, Jooil ; Salameh, Peter K ; Keeling, Ralph F ; Newman, Sally ; Miller, John ; Sloop, Christopher ; Pongetti, Thomas ; Rao, Preeti ; Wong, Clare ; Hopkins, Francesca M ; Yadav, Vineet ; Weiss, Ray F ; Duren, Riley M ; Miller, Charles E
  • Chủ đề: Air masses ; Algorithms ; Atmospheric methane ; Calibration ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide atmospheric concentrations ; Carbon monoxide ; Central business districts ; Emissions ; Fluctuations ; Fluxes ; Fossil fuels ; Greenhouse effect ; Inversions ; Mathematical models ; Measurement ; Measurement methods ; Megacities ; Meteorology ; Methane ; Mountains ; Natural gas ; Offshore ; Troposphere ; Uncertainty ; Uncertainty analysis ; Urban environments
  • Là 1 phần của: Atmospheric chemistry and physics, 2017-07, Vol.17 (13), p.8313-8341
  • Mô tả: We report continuous surface observations of carbon dioxide (CO ) and methane (CH ) from the Los Angeles (LA) Megacity Carbon Project during 2015. We devised a calibration strategy, methods for selection of background air masses, calculation of urban enhancements, and a detailed algorithm for estimating uncertainties in urban-scale CO and CH measurements. These methods are essential for understanding carbon fluxes from the LA megacity and other complex urban environments globally. We estimate background mole fractions entering LA using observations from four "extra-urban" sites including two "marine" sites located south of LA in La Jolla (LJO) and offshore on San Clemente Island (SCI), one "continental" site located in Victorville (VIC), in the high desert northeast of LA, and one "continental/mid-troposphere" site located on Mount Wilson (MWO) in the San Gabriel Mountains. We find that a local marine background can be established to within ~1 ppm CO and ~10 ppb CH using these local measurement sites. Overall, atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane levels are highly variable across Los Angeles. "Urban" and "suburban" sites show moderate to large CO and CH enhancements relative to a marine background estimate. The USC (University of Southern California) site near downtown LA exhibits median hourly enhancements of ~20 ppm CO and ~150 ppb CH during 2015 as well as ~15 ppm CO and ~80 ppb CH during mid-afternoon hours (12:00-16:00 LT, local time), which is the typical period of focus for flux inversions. The estimated measurement uncertainty is typically better than 0.1 ppm CO and 1 ppb CH based on the repeated standard gas measurements from the LA sites during the last 2 years, similar to Andrews et al. (2014). The largest component of the measurement uncertainty is due to the single-point calibration method; however, the uncertainty in the background mole fraction is much larger than the measurement uncertainty. The background uncertainty for the marine background estimate is ~10 and ~15 % of the median mid-afternoon enhancement near downtown LA for CO and CH , respectively. Overall, analytical and background uncertainties are small relative to the local CO and CH enhancements; however, our results suggest that reducing the uncertainty to less than 5 % of the median mid-afternoon enhancement will require detailed assessment of the impact of meteorology on background conditions.
  • Nơi xuất bản: Germany: Copernicus GmbH
  • Ngôn ngữ: English
  • Số nhận dạng: ISSN: 1680-7316
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    EISSN: 1680-7324
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-8313-2017
    PMID: 30984251
  • Nguồn: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    Alma/SFX Local Collection
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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