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Densification of Bamboo: State of the Art

Materials, 2020-09, Vol.13 (19), p.4346 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2020 by the authors. 2020 ;ISSN: 1996-1944 ;EISSN: 1996-1944 ;DOI: 10.3390/ma13194346 ;PMID: 33003633

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  • Title:
    Densification of Bamboo: State of the Art
  • Author: Kadivar, Marzieh ; Gauss, Christian ; Ghavami, Khosrow ; Savastano, Holmer
  • Subjects: Bamboo ; Bend strength ; Best practice ; Collapse ; Composite materials ; Densification ; Dimensional analysis ; Geometry ; Heterogeneity ; Lignocellulose ; Mechanical properties ; Open systems ; Physical properties ; Process parameters ; Review ; Stiffness ; Sustainable materials ; thermo-mechanical ; viscoelastic-thermal-compression
  • Is Part Of: Materials, 2020-09, Vol.13 (19), p.4346
  • Description: Densification processes are used to improve the mechanical and physical properties of lignocellulose materials by either collapsing the cell cavities or by filling up the pores, consequently reducing the void volume fraction. This paper focuses on an extensive review of bamboo densification process, which is achieved by compressing the material in the direction perpendicular to the fibers using mainly two different techniques: an open system, thermo-mechanical (TM), or a closed system, viscoelastic-thermal-compression (VTC). The main aim of bamboo densification is to decrease its heterogeneity, as well as to improve its mechanical and physical performance. In addition, densification may occur during the manufacturing of bamboo products in which hot-pressing processes are used to mold bamboo panels. There are over 1600 publications about bamboo, concentrated in the recent decade, mainly about engineered materials. Although several papers regarding bamboo and wood densification are available, very few studies have comprehensively investigated the densification process solely through compression of natural bamboo culms. According to the literature, applying a combination of compression of 6–12 MPa at temperatures between 120–170 °C for 8–20 min can produce materials with higher strength in comparison to the mechanical properties of natural bamboo. The majority of research on bamboo densification indicates that the modified material results in improved properties in terms of density, hardness, bending strength, stiffness, and durability. This paper provides a review that consolidates knowledge on the concept of bamboo culm densification, discusses the roles of parameters that control the process, ascertains the best practice, and finally determines gaps in this field of knowledge.
  • Publisher: Basel: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1996-1944
    EISSN: 1996-1944
    DOI: 10.3390/ma13194346
    PMID: 33003633
  • Source: GFMER Free Medical Journals
    PubMed Central
    ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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