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Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Volcanic Areas: A Role of Increased Heavy Metals in the Environment?

International journal of molecular sciences, 2020-05, Vol.21 (10), p.3425 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2020. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2020 by the authors. 2020 ;ISSN: 1422-0067 ;ISSN: 1661-6596 ;EISSN: 1422-0067 ;DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103425 ;PMID: 32408629

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Title:
Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Volcanic Areas: A Role of Increased Heavy Metals in the Environment?
Author: Malandrino, Pasqualino ; Russo, Marco ; Gianì, Fiorenza ; Pellegriti, Gabriella ; Vigneri, Paolo ; Belfiore, Antonino ; Rizzarelli, Enrico ; Vigneri, Riccardo
Subjects: Biological effects ; Biology ; Carcinogens ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Environmental Monitoring - methods ; Environmental Pollution - adverse effects ; Health risk assessment ; Heavy metals ; Homeostasis ; Hormesis ; Human influences ; Humans ; Incidence ; Iodine ; Low concentrations ; metallome ; Metals ; Metals, Heavy - analysis ; Nonlinear response ; Oxidation ; Oxidizing agents ; Physicochemical properties ; Pollution ; Population ; Protein transport ; Proteins ; Review ; thyroid ; Thyroid cancer ; Thyroid Neoplasms - epidemiology ; Thyroid Neoplasms - etiology ; Tumors ; Volcanic Eruptions - adverse effects ; volcano ; Volcanoes
Is Part Of: International journal of molecular sciences, 2020-05, Vol.21 (10), p.3425
Description: Thyroid cancer incidence is significantly increased in volcanic areas, where relevant non-anthropogenic pollution with heavy metals is present in the environment. This review will discuss whether chronic lifelong exposure to slightly increased levels of metals can contribute to the increase in thyroid cancer in the residents of a volcanic area. The influence of metals on living cells depends on the physicochemical properties of the metals and their interaction with the target cell metallostasis network, which includes transporters, intracellular binding proteins, and metal-responsive elements. Very little is known about the carcinogenic potential of slightly increased metal levels on the thyroid, which might be more sensitive to mutagenic damage because of its unique biology related to iodine, which is a very reactive and strongly oxidizing agent. Different mechanisms could explain the specific carcinogenic effect of borderline/high environmental levels of metals on the thyroid, including (a) hormesis, the nonlinear response to chemicals causing important biological effects at low concentrations; (b) metal accumulation in the thyroid relative to other tissues; and (c) the specific effects of a mixture of different metals. Recent evidence related to all of these mechanisms is now available, and the data are compatible with a cause-effect relationship between increased metal levels in the environment and an increase in thyroid cancer incidence.
Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1422-0067
ISSN: 1661-6596
EISSN: 1422-0067
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103425
PMID: 32408629
Source: MEDLINE
PubMed Central
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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Increased Thyroid Cancer Incidence in Volcanic Areas: A Role of Increased Heavy Metals in the Environment?

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