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Induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field – arrest of ruptures by fault plane irregularities

Geologie en mijnbouw, 2023-11, Vol.102, Article e11

The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences Foundation ;The Author(s), 2023. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the Netherlands Journal of Geosciences Foundation. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 0016-7746 ;EISSN: 1573-9708 ;DOI: 10.1017/njg.2023.9

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  • Title:
    Induced seismicity in the Groningen gas field – arrest of ruptures by fault plane irregularities
  • Author: Wentinck, H. M. ; Kortekaas, M.
  • Subjects: Carboniferous ; dynamic rupture simulation ; Earthquakes ; Fault lines ; fault plane irregularities ; Fault zones ; Groningen gas field ; induced seismicity ; Irregularities ; Neogene ; Oil and gas fields ; Original Article ; Outcrops ; Reservoirs ; Rupture ; rupture arrest ; Sandstone ; Sedimentary rocks ; Seismic data ; Seismicity ; Simulation
  • Is Part Of: Geologie en mijnbouw, 2023-11, Vol.102, Article e11
  • Description: From dynamic rupture simulations, we reveal under which conditions a rupture in the Groningen gas field stops along fault dip or along fault strike after it starts on a fault in the reservoir. The simulations focus on the capabilities of fault plane irregularities to arrest ruptures. Such irregularities can be recognised in sandstone outcrops. Fault planes in the Groningen field, extracted from the 3D seismic data by seismic attribute extraction methods, show similar irregularities. A detailed surface of a major fault plane in the field indicates that steps and jogs of tenths of metres are possible. Although these irregularities are close to seismic resolution and could be partially artificial, we investigated their effect on rupture arrest. For typical current stresses in the Groningen field, jogs and steps of this length scale are found to be remarkably effective to stop ruptures in the reservoir. Also, a significant increase in the fault dip along fault strike can stop these ruptures but a kink in the fault under a constant fault dip not. Including non-planar fault features and pressure diffusion in the Carboniferous, the simulations in this paper follow trends of previous simulations in the literature using 2D planar faults. In particular, the horizontal stress in this formation and the strength of the Carboniferous fault zone are important for rupture propagation. If the fault would have been reactivated in the Neogene or Quaternary and poorly healed in clay-rich parts, rupture propagation into the Carboniferous can only be prevented by jogs of sufficient size and lateral continuity under the present estimate of the horizontal field stress.
  • Publisher: Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
  • Language: English;Dutch;French;German
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0016-7746
    EISSN: 1573-9708
    DOI: 10.1017/njg.2023.9
  • Source: ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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