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Recombination analysis on the receptor switching event of MERS-CoV and its close relatives: implications for the emergence of MERS-CoV

Virology journal, 2024-04, Vol.21 (1), p.84-84 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2024. The Author(s). ;COPYRIGHT 2024 BioMed Central Ltd. ;2024. This work is licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;The Author(s) 2024 ;ISSN: 1743-422X ;EISSN: 1743-422X ;DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02358-2 ;PMID: 38600521

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Title:
Recombination analysis on the receptor switching event of MERS-CoV and its close relatives: implications for the emergence of MERS-CoV
Author: Tolentino, Jarel Elgin ; Lytras, Spyros ; Ito, Jumpei ; Sato, Kei
Subjects: Animals ; Betacoronavirus (Merbecovirus) ; Breakpoints ; Chiroptera ; Coronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections - epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections - veterinary ; Coronaviruses ; Disease transmission ; Epidemiology ; Evolutionary genetics ; Gene mapping ; Genetic aspects ; Genetic recombination ; Genomes ; Geographical distribution ; Humans ; Identification and classification ; Leukemia ; Likelihood Functions ; MERS-CoV ; Middle East respiratory syndrome ; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus - genetics ; Natural history ; One health ; Phylogenetics ; Phylogeny ; Proteins ; Receptor switching event ; Recombination ; Recombination, Genetic ; Respiratory diseases ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - genetics ; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - metabolism ; Taxonomy ; Virus research ; Viruses
Is Part Of: Virology journal, 2024-04, Vol.21 (1), p.84-84
Description: PlMERS-CoV is a coronavirus known to cause severe disease in humans, taxonomically classified under the subgenus Merbecovirus. Recent findings showed that the close relatives of MERS-CoV infecting vespertillionid bats (family Vespertillionidae), named NeoCoV and PDF-2180, use their hosts' ACE2 as their entry receptor, unlike the DPP4 receptor usage of MERS-CoV. Previous research suggests that this difference in receptor usage between these related viruses is a result of recombination. However, the precise location of the recombination breakpoints and the details of the recombination event leading to the change of receptor usage remain unclear. We used maximum likelihood-based phylogenetics and genetic similarity comparisons to characterise the evolutionary history of all complete Merbecovirus genome sequences. Recombination events were detected by multiple computational methods implemented in the recombination detection program. To verify the influence of recombination, we inferred the phylogenetic relation of the merbecovirus genomes excluding recombinant segments and that of the viruses' receptor binding domains and examined the level of congruency between the phylogenies. Finally, the geographic distribution of the genomes was inspected to identify the possible location where the recombination event occurred. Similarity plot analysis and the recombination-partitioned phylogenetic inference showed that MERS-CoV is highly similar to NeoCoV (and PDF-2180) across its whole genome except for the spike-encoding region. This is confirmed to be due to recombination by confidently detecting a recombination event between the proximal ancestor of MERS-CoV and a currently unsampled merbecovirus clade. Notably, the upstream recombination breakpoint was detected in the N-terminal domain and the downstream breakpoint at the S2 subunit of spike, indicating that the acquired recombined fragment includes the receptor-binding domain. A tanglegram comparison further confirmed that the receptor binding domain-encoding region of MERS-CoV was acquired via recombination. Geographic mapping analysis on sampling sites suggests the possibility that the recombination event occurred in Africa. Together, our results suggest that recombination can lead to receptor switching of merbecoviruses during circulation in bats. These results are useful for future epidemiological assessments and surveillance to understand the spillover risk of bat coronaviruses to the human population.
Publisher: England: BioMed Central Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1743-422X
EISSN: 1743-422X
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02358-2
PMID: 38600521
Source: SpringerOpen
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
GFMER Free Medical Journals
MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Coronavirus Research Database
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
ProQuest Central

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Recombination analysis on the receptor switching event of MERS-CoV and its close relatives: implications for the emergence of MERS-CoV

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