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Tracing the Enterococci from Paleozoic Origins to the Hospital

Cell, 2017-05, Vol.169 (5), p.849-861.e13 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2017 Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.027 ;PMID: 28502769

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Title:
Tracing the Enterococci from Paleozoic Origins to the Hospital
Author: Lebreton, François ; Manson, Abigail L. ; Saavedra, Jose T. ; Straub, Timothy J. ; Earl, Ashlee M. ; Gilmore, Michael S.
Subjects: Animals ; antibiotic resistance ; Biological Evolution ; commensal ; Communicable Diseases, Emerging - microbiology ; Cross Infection - microbiology ; Drug Resistance, Bacterial ; early life ; Enterococcus ; Enterococcus - classification ; Enterococcus - cytology ; Enterococcus - drug effects ; Enterococcus - genetics ; Genetic Speciation ; hospital acquired infection ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Larva - microbiology ; Moths - growth & development ; Moths - microbiology ; origins ; Paleozoic ; Phylogeny ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics ; speciation ; terrestrialization
Is Part Of: Cell, 2017-05, Vol.169 (5), p.849-861.e13
Description: We examined the evolutionary history of leading multidrug resistant hospital pathogens, the enterococci, to their origin hundreds of millions of years ago. Our goal was to understand why, among the vast diversity of gut flora, enterococci are so well adapted to the modern hospital environment. Molecular clock estimation, together with analysis of their environmental distribution, phenotypic diversity, and concordance with host fossil records, place the origins of the enterococci around the time of animal terrestrialization, 425–500 mya. Speciation appears to parallel the diversification of hosts, including the rapid emergence of new enterococcal species following the End Permian Extinction. Major drivers of speciation include changing carbohydrate availability in the host gut. Life on land would have selected for the precise traits that now allow pathogenic enterococci to survive desiccation, starvation, and disinfection in the modern hospital, foreordaining their emergence as leading hospital pathogens. [Display omitted] •Emergence of enterococci as hospital pathogens was foreordained by Paleozoic events•Commensal enterococci emerged from ancestors adapted to marine hosts and environments•Terrestrialization selected for a hardened cell wall leading to antibiotic resistance•Enterococcal speciation: energy source driven, parallels host radiation, or extinction Why, among the vast diversity of gut microbiota, have enterococci become so well adapted to the modern hospital environment?
Publisher: United States: Elsevier Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0092-8674
EISSN: 1097-4172
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.027
PMID: 28502769
Source: Cell Press Free Archives
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Tracing the Enterococci from Paleozoic Origins to the Hospital

2017 Elsevier Inc. ;Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. ;ISSN: 0092-8674 ;EISSN: 1097-4172 ;DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.04.027 ;PMID: 28502769

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