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Microglial/Macrophage polarization and function in brain injury and repair after stroke

CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2021-05, Vol.27 (5), p.515-527 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 The Authors. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ;2021 The Authors. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ;2021. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 1755-5930 ;EISSN: 1755-5949 ;DOI: 10.1111/cns.13620 ;PMID: 33650313

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Title:
Microglial/Macrophage polarization and function in brain injury and repair after stroke
Author: Lyu, Junxuan ; Xie, Di ; Bhatia, Tarun N. ; Leak, Rehana K. ; Hu, Xiaoming ; Jiang, Xiaoyan
Subjects: Adult ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blood-brain barrier ; Brain Injuries - etiology ; Brain Injuries - pathology ; Brain injury ; Brain research ; Cell Polarity ; Chemokines ; Cytokines ; Genotype & phenotype ; Growth factors ; Hemorrhage ; Homeostasis ; Humans ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages ; Macrophages - pathology ; Microenvironments ; Microglia ; Microglia - pathology ; Molecular modelling ; Monocytes ; Morphology ; Neural networks ; Neurogenesis ; neuroinflammation ; phagocytosis ; Physiology ; Polarization ; Recovery of function ; repopulation ; Review ; Stroke ; Stroke - complications ; Stroke - pathology ; transplantation ; Traumatic brain injury
Is Part Of: CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2021-05, Vol.27 (5), p.515-527
Description: Stroke is a leading cause of disability and mortality, with limited treatment options. After stroke injury, microglia and CNS‐resident macrophages are rapidly activated and regulate neuropathological processes to steer the course of functional recovery. To accelerate this recovery, microglia can engulf dying cells and clear irreparably‐damaged tissues, thereby creating a microenvironment that is more suitable for the formation of new neural circuitry. In addition, monocyte‐derived macrophages cross the compromised blood‐brain barrier to infiltrate the injured brain. The specific functions of myeloid lineage cells in brain injury and repair are diverse and dependent on phenotypic polarization statuses. However, it remains to be determined to what degree the CNS‐invading macrophages occupy different functional niches from CNS‐resident microglia. In this review, we describe the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the developing and adult brain. We also review (a) the activation and phenotypic polarization of microglia and macrophages after stroke, (b) molecular mechanisms that control polarization status, and (c) the contribution of microglia to brain pathology versus repair. Finally, we summarize current breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies that calibrate microglia/macrophage responses after stroke. The present review summarizes recent advances in microglial research in relation to stroke with emphases on microglial/macrophage phenotypic polarization and function in brain injury and repair. It also reviews the physiological characteristics and functions of microglia in the developing and adult brain, and describes current breakthroughs in therapeutic strategies that calibrate microglia/macrophage responses after stroke.
Publisher: England: John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1755-5930
EISSN: 1755-5949
DOI: 10.1111/cns.13620
PMID: 33650313
Source: Journals@Ovid Open Access Journal Collection Rolling
PubMed Central (Open access)
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
MEDLINE

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Microglial/Macrophage polarization and function in brain injury and repair after stroke

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