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Daily Walking among Commuters: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Residential, Work, and Regional Accessibility in Melbourne, Australia (2012-2014)

Environmental health perspectives, 2019-09, Vol.127 (9), p.97004 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2019 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;COPYRIGHT 2019 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences ;Reproduced from Environmental Health Perspectives. This article is published under https://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/about-ehp/copyright-permissions (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 0091-6765 ;EISSN: 1552-9924 ;DOI: 10.1289/EHP3395 ;PMID: 31532240

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  • Title:
    Daily Walking among Commuters: A Cross-Sectional Study of Associations with Residential, Work, and Regional Accessibility in Melbourne, Australia (2012-2014)
  • Author: Barr, Alison ; Simons, Koen ; Mavoa, Suzanne ; Badland, Hannah ; Giles-Corti, Billie ; Scheurer, Jan ; Korevaar, Elizabeth ; Stewart, Josh ; Bentley, Rebecca
  • Subjects: Accessibility ; Australia ; Central business districts ; Commuting ; Confidence intervals ; Education ; Employment ; Environment Design ; Exercise ; Exposure ; Households ; Humans ; Local transit ; Medical research ; Neighborhoods ; Pedestrians ; Physical activity ; Public health ; Public transportation ; Regression analysis ; Regression models ; Residence Characteristics ; Residential areas ; Smart cities ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Statistical analysis ; Surveys ; Transportation ; Travel ; Travel time ; Traveltime ; Trip surveys ; Walking
  • Is Part Of: Environmental health perspectives, 2019-09, Vol.127 (9), p.97004
  • Description: Most research on walking for transport has focused on the walkability of residential neighborhoods, overlooking the contribution of places of work/study and the ease with which destinations outside the immediate neighborhood can be accessed, referred to as regional accessibility. We aimed to examine if local accessibility/walkability around place of work/study and regional accessibility are independently and interactively associated with walking. A sample of 4,913 adult commuters was derived from a household travel survey in Melbourne, Australia (2012-2014). Local accessibility was measured as the availability of destinations within an pedestrian network from homes and places of work/education using a local living index [LLI; 0-3 (low), 4-6, 7-9, and 10-12 (high) destinations]. Regional accessibility was estimated using employment opportunity, commute travel time by mode, and public transport accessibility. Every individual's potential minutes of walking for each level of exposure (observed and counter to fact) were predicted using multivariable regression models including confounders and interaction terms. For each contrast of exposure levels of interest, the corresponding within-individual differences in predicted walking were averaged across individuals to estimate marginal effects. High LLI at home and work/education was associated with more minutes walking than low LLI by 3.9 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.3, 5.5] and 8.3 (95% CI: 7.3, 9.3) min, respectively, in mutually adjusted models. Across regional accessibility measures, an independent association with walking and an interactive association with LLI at work/education was observed. To take one example, the regional accessibility measure of "Jobs within 30 min by public transport" was associated with 4.3 (95% CI: 2.9, 5.7) more mins walking for high ( ) compared with low ( ) accessibility in adjusted models. The estimated difference for high vs. low LLI (work/education) (among those with low regional accessibility) was 3.6 min (95% CI: 2.3, 4.8), while the difference for high vs. low regional accessibility (among those with low LLI) was negligible ( ; 95% CI: , 1.2). However, the combined effect estimate for high LLI and high regional accessibility, compared with low on both, was 12.8 min (95% CI: 11.1, 14.5), or 9.3 (95% CI: 6.7, 11.8) min/d walking more than expected based on the separate effect estimates. High local living (work/education) and regional accessibility, regardless of the regional accessibility measure used, are positively associated with physical activity. High exposure to both is associated with greater benefit than exposure to one or the other alone. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3395.
  • Publisher: United States: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0091-6765
    EISSN: 1552-9924
    DOI: 10.1289/EHP3395
    PMID: 31532240
  • Source: United States Government Manual (1995 1996 to present)
    Open Access: PubMed Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central
    MEDLINE
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