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Global maps of soil temperature

Global change biology, 2022-05, Vol.28 (9), p.3110-3144 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ;info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ;Attribution - NonCommercial ;ISSN: 1365-2486 ;ISSN: 1354-1013 ;EISSN: 1365-2486 ;DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060 ;PMID: 34967074

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Title:
Global maps of soil temperature
Author: Lembrechts, Jonas J ; Ashcroft, Michael B ; Crowther, Thomas W ; Bailey, Joseph J ; Klinges, David H ; Niittynen, Pekka ; Aerts, Rien ; Ahrends, Antje ; Alexander, Jake M ; Barros, Agustina ; Björkman, Mats P ; Brum, Bárbara N S ; Casanova-Katny, Angélica ; Chojnicki, Bogdan ; Choler, Philippe ; Čiliak, Marek ; Cremonese, Edoardo ; Dahlberg, C Johan ; Dengler, Jürgen ; Di Musciano, Michele ; Dušek, Jiří ; Fanin, Nicolas ; Fenu, Giuseppe ; Géron, Charly ; Gharun, Mana ; Ghosn, Dany ; Gottschall, Felix ; Goulding, Keith ; Guénard, Benoit ; Guillemot, Joannès ; Halbritter, Aud H ; Hammerle, Albin ; Helfter, Carole ; Herbst, Mathias ; Hoffrén, Raúl ; Jastrzębowski, Szymon ; Juszczak, Radoslaw ; Kašpar, Vít ; Kazakis, George ; Kelly, Julia ; Klisz, Marcin ; Kobler, Johannes ; Kotowska, Martyna M ; Lang, Simone I ; Larson, Christian ; Leihy, Rachel I ; Lohila, Annalea ; Lorite, Juan ; Mackenzie, Roy ; Maier, Regine ; Manise, Tanguy ; Manolaki, Paraskevi ; Meusburger, Katrin ; Moiseev, Pavel ; Muffler, Lena ; Niedrist, Georg ; Normand, Signe ; Ogée, Jérôme ; Pampuch, Timo ; Pavelka, Marian ; Pearse, William D ; Phoenix, Gareth K ; Pitacco, Andrea ; Plichta, Roman ; Poulenard, Jérôme ; Poyatos, Rafael ; Pușcaș, Mihai ; Randall, Krystal ; Remmele, Sabine ; Rixen, Christian ; Robroek, Bjorn J M ; Sarneel, Judith M ; Schmeddes, Jonas ; Segalin de Andrade, Ana Cristina ; Serra-Diaz, Josep M ; Shekhar, Ankit ; Siebicke, Lukas ; Smiljanic, Marko ; Sørensen, Mia Vedel ; Souza, Bartolomeu Israel ; Speed, James D M ; Steinbauer, Klaus ; Stephan, Jörg G ; Stiegler, Christian ; Svátek, Martin ; Tomaselli, Marcello ; Trouillier, Mario ; Tyystjärvi, Vilna A ; Ueyama, Masahito ; Vaccari, Francesco Primo ; Varlagin, Andrej ; Veen, G F ; Veenendaal, Elmar ; Venn, Susanna E ; Villar, Luis ; Wohlfahrt, Georg ; Yang, Yan ; Yu, Zicheng ; Yu, Kailiang ; Zong, Shengwei
Subjects: bioclimatic variables ; Biodiversity and Ecology ; Climate Change ; Climate Research ; Earth and Related Environmental Sciences ; Ecosystem ; Environmental Sciences ; Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap ; global maps ; Klimatforskning ; Markvetenskap ; Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 ; Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 ; Microclimate ; Natural Sciences ; Naturgeografi ; Naturvetenskap ; near-surface temperatures ; Physical Geography ; Soil ; Soil Science ; soil temperature ; soil-dwelling organisms ; Temperature ; temperature offset ; VDP ; weather stations ; Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 ; Zoology and botany: 480
Is Part Of: Global change biology, 2022-05, Vol.28 (9), p.3110-3144
Description: Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.
Publisher: England: Wiley & Sons Ltd
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1365-2486
ISSN: 1354-1013
EISSN: 1365-2486
DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060
PMID: 34967074
Source: SWEPUB Freely available online

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Global maps of soil temperature

2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ;info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess ;Attribution - NonCommercial ;ISSN: 1365-2486 ;ISSN: 1354-1013 ;EISSN: 1365-2486 ;DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16060 ;PMID: 34967074

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