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Gut microbiota profiles of treatment-naïve adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with neutropenic fever during intensive chemotherapy

PloS one, 2020-10, Vol.15 (10), p.e0236460-e0236460 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2020 Rattanathammethee et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2020 Rattanathammethee et al 2020 Rattanathammethee et al ;ISSN: 1932-6203 ;EISSN: 1932-6203 ;DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236460 ;PMID: 33112882

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Title:
Gut microbiota profiles of treatment-naïve adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with neutropenic fever during intensive chemotherapy
Author: Rattanathammethee, Thanawat ; Tuitemwong, Pimchanok ; Thiennimitr, Parameth ; Sarichai, Phinitphong ; Na Pombejra, Sarisa ; Piriyakhuntorn, Pokpong ; Hantrakool, Sasinee ; Chai-Adisaksopha, Chatree ; Rattarittamrong, Ekarat ; Tantiworawit, Adisak ; Norasetthada, Lalita
Staley, Christopher
Subjects: Acute myeloid leukemia ; Antibiotics ; Antiinfectives and antibacterials ; Antimicrobial agents ; Bacteria ; Biology and Life Sciences ; Bone marrow ; Chemotherapy ; Clinical medicine ; Deoxyribonucleic acid ; Digestive system ; Digestive tract ; DNA ; Ecology and Environmental Sciences ; Fever ; Flora ; Gene sequencing ; Genetic testing ; Hematology ; Internal medicine ; Intestinal microflora ; Intestine ; Leukemia ; Medicine ; Medicine and Health Sciences ; Microbiology ; Microbiota ; Myeloid leukemia ; Neutropenia ; Next-generation sequencing ; Patients ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Prophylaxis ; Recovery ; Relative abundance ; rRNA 16S
Is Part Of: PloS one, 2020-10, Vol.15 (10), p.e0236460-e0236460
Description: The intestinal bacterial flora of febrile neutropenic patients has been found to be significantly diverse. However, there are few reports of alterations of in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. Stool samples of each treatment-naïve AML patient were collected the day before initiation of induction chemotherapy (pretreatment), on the first date of neutropenic fever and first date of bone marrow recovery. Bacterial DNA was extracted from stool samples and bacterial 16s ribosomal RNA genes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Relative abundance, overall richness, Shannon's diversity index and Simpson's diversity index were calculated. No antimicrobial prophylaxis was in placed in all participants. Ten cases of AML patients (4 male and 6 female) were included with a median age of 39 years (range: 19–49) and all of patients developed febrile neutropenia. Firmicutes dominated during the period of neutropenic fever, subsequently declining after bone marrow recovery a pattern in contrast to that shown by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria. Enterococcus was more abundant in the febrile neutropenia period compared to pretreatment (mean difference +20.2; p < 0.0001) while Escherichia notably declined during the same period (mean difference -11.2; p = 0.0064). At the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level, there was a significantly higher level of overall richness in the pretreatment period than in the febrile neutropenic episode (mean OTU of 203.1 vs. 131.7; p = 0.012). Both of the diversity indexes of Shannon and Simpson showed a significant decrease during the febrile neutropenic period. Adult AML patients with a first episode of febrile neutropenia after initial intensive chemotherapy demonstrated a significant decrease in gut microbiota diversity and the level of diversity remained constant despite recovery of bone marrow.
Publisher: San Francisco: Public Library of Science
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1932-6203
EISSN: 1932-6203
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236460
PMID: 33112882
Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
PLoS
PubMed Central
ProQuest Central
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Gut microbiota profiles of treatment-naïve adult acute myeloid leukemia patients with neutropenic fever during intensive chemotherapy

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