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Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections

Cells (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.10 (11), p.3067 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2021 by the authors. 2021 ;ISSN: 2073-4409 ;EISSN: 2073-4409 ;DOI: 10.3390/cells10113067 ;PMID: 34831290

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Title:
Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections
Author: Vlahopoulos, Spiros ; Wang, Ke ; Xue, Yaoyao ; Zheng, Xu ; Boldogh, Istvan ; Pan, Lang
Subjects: Alveoli ; Antiviral agents ; Blood flow ; Cytokines ; Edema ; endothelial cells ; Endothelial Cells - pathology ; Endothelium ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Epigenetics ; Epithelium ; Fluidity ; Genomes ; Growth factors ; Humans ; Immune system ; Immunosuppressive agents ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype - physiology ; influenza H1N1 ; Kinases ; Leukocyte migration ; Macromolecules ; Morbidity ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygenation ; Pathology ; Permeability ; pulmonary edema ; Pulmonary Edema - genetics ; Pulmonary Edema - pathology ; Pulmonary Edema - virology ; Respiratory distress syndrome ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - genetics ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - pathology ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome - virology ; respiratory syncytial virus ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses - pathogenicity ; Review ; Risk factors ; SARS-Cov-2 ; SARS-CoV-2 - pathogenicity ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 ; Viral infections ; Virus Diseases - genetics ; Virus Diseases - pathology ; Virus Diseases - virology ; Viruses
Is Part Of: Cells (Basel, Switzerland), 2021-11, Vol.10 (11), p.3067
Description: The bronchial vascular endothelial network plays important roles in pulmonary pathology during respiratory viral infections, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza A(H1N1) and importantly SARS-Cov-2. All of these infections can be severe and even lethal in patients with underlying risk factors.A major obstacle in disease prevention is the lack of appropriate efficacious vaccine(s) due to continuous changes in the encoding capacity of the viral genome, exuberant responsiveness of the host immune system and lack of effective antiviral drugs. Current management of these severe respiratory viral infections is limited to supportive clinical care. The primary cause of morbidity and mortality is respiratory failure, partially due to endothelial pulmonary complications, including edema. The latter is induced by the loss of alveolar epithelium integrity and by pathological changes in the endothelial vascular network that regulates blood flow, blood fluidity, exchange of fluids, electrolytes, various macromolecules and responses to signals triggered by oxygenation, and controls trafficking of leukocyte immune cells. This overview outlines the latest understanding of the implications of pulmonary vascular endothelium involvement in respiratory distress syndrome secondary to viral infections. In addition, the roles of infection-induced cytokines, growth factors, and epigenetic reprogramming in endothelial permeability, as well as emerging treatment options to decrease disease burden, are discussed.
Publisher: Switzerland: MDPI AG
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 2073-4409
EISSN: 2073-4409
DOI: 10.3390/cells10113067
PMID: 34831290
Source: MEDLINE
PubMed Central
Coronavirus Research Database
ROAD: Directory of Open Access Scholarly Resources
ProQuest Central
DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals

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Endothelial Dysfunction through Oxidatively Generated Epigenetic Mark in Respiratory Viral Infections

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