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Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic risk factors in South Asians living in the United States

The Journal of nutrition, 2015-06, Vol.145 (6), p.1211-1217 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2015 American Society for Nutrition. ;ISSN: 0022-3166 ;EISSN: 1541-6100 ;DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.207753 ;PMID: 25904730

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Title:
Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic risk factors in South Asians living in the United States
Author: Gadgil, Meghana D ; Anderson, Cheryl A M ; Kandula, Namratha R ; Kanaya, Alka M
Subjects: Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Asian People ; Blood Glucose - metabolism ; Cardiovascular Diseases - ethnology ; Cardiovascular Diseases - prevention & control ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Cholesterol, LDL - blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dairy Products ; Energy Intake ; Fasting ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Fruit ; Hemoglobins - metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin - blood ; Linear Models ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Metabolic Syndrome - ethnology ; Metabolic Syndrome - prevention & control ; Middle Aged ; Principal Component Analysis ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides - blood ; United States - epidemiology ; Vegetables
Is Part Of: The Journal of nutrition, 2015-06, Vol.145 (6), p.1211-1217
Description: South Asians are at high risk of metabolic syndrome, and dietary patterns may influence this risk. We aimed to determine prevalent dietary patterns for South Asians in the United States and their associations with risk factors for metabolic syndrome. South Asians aged 40-84 y without known cardiovascular disease were enrolled in a community-based cohort called Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America. A validated food frequency questionnaire and serum samples for fasting and 2-h glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, and total and HDL cholesterol were collected cross-sectionally. We used principal component analysis with varimax rotation to determine dietary patterns, and sequential linear and logistic regression models for associations with metabolic factors. A total of 892 participants were included (47% women). We identified 3 major dietary patterns: animal protein; fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy; and fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes. These were analyzed by tertile of factor score. The highest vs. the lowest tertile of the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy pattern was associated with higher homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (β: 1.88 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) and lower HDL cholesterol (β: -4.48 mg/dL) in a model adjusted for age, sex, study site, and caloric intake (P < 0.05). The animal protein pattern was associated with higher body mass index (β: 0.73 m/kg(2)), waist circumference (β: 0.84 cm), total cholesterol (β: 8.16 mg/dL), and LDL cholesterol (β: 5.69 mg/dL) (all P < 0.05). The fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was associated with lower odds of hypertension (OR: 0.63) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.53), and lower HOMA-IR (β: 1.95 mmol/L ⋅ uIU/L) (P < 0.05). The animal protein and the fried snacks, sweets, and high-fat dairy patterns were associated with adverse metabolic risk factors in South Asians in the United States, whereas the fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes pattern was linked with a decreased prevalence of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Publisher: United States
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0022-3166
EISSN: 1541-6100
DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.207753
PMID: 25904730
Source: Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
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Dietary patterns are associated with metabolic risk factors in South Asians living in the United States

2015 American Society for Nutrition. ;ISSN: 0022-3166 ;EISSN: 1541-6100 ;DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.207753 ;PMID: 25904730

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