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Cerebellar physiology: links between microcircuitry properties and sensorimotor functions

The Journal of physiology, 2017-01, Vol.595 (1), p.11-27 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society ;2016 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2016 The Physiological Society. ;Journal compilation © 2017 The Physiological Society ;ISSN: 0022-3751 ;EISSN: 1469-7793 ;DOI: 10.1113/JP272769 ;PMID: 27388692 ;CODEN: JPHYA7

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  • Title:
    Cerebellar physiology: links between microcircuitry properties and sensorimotor functions
  • Author: Jorntell, Henrik
  • Subjects: Animals ; Basic Medicine ; cerebellum ; Cerebellum - physiology ; climbing fiber ; Feedback, Sensory ; Medical and Health Sciences ; Medicin och hälsovetenskap ; Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper ; mossy fiber ; motor control ; Neural Circuits and Systems ; neural information ; neural representation ; Neuronal Plasticity ; Neuronal Plasticity and Repair ; Neurons - physiology ; Neurosciences ; Neurovetenskaper ; Physiology ; plasticity ; purkinje cells ; Topical Review
  • Is Part Of: The Journal of physiology, 2017-01, Vol.595 (1), p.11-27
  • Description: Existing knowledge of the cerebellar microcircuitry structure and physiology allows a rather detailed description of what it in itself can and cannot do. Combined with a known mapping of different cerebellar regions to afferent systems and motor output target structures, there are several constraints that can be used to describe how specific components of the cerebellar microcircuitry may work during sensorimotor control. In fact, as described in this review, the major factor that hampers further progress in understanding cerebellar function is the limited insights into the circuitry‐level function of the targeted motor output systems and the nature of the information in the mossy fiber afferents. The cerebellar circuitry in itself is here summarized as a gigantic associative memory element, primarily consisting of the parallel fiber synapses, whereas most other circuitry components, including the climbing fiber system, primarily has the role of maintaining activity balance in the intracerebellar and extracerebellar circuitry. The review explores the consistency of this novel interpretational framework with multiple diverse observations at the synaptic and microcircuitry level within the cerebellum. The cerebellar neuronal circuitry is here summarized as a gigantic associative memory, consisting of multiple functional subunits working in parallel, by which useful contingencies between diverse types of information can be stored. The sources of information are the multiple mossy fiber systems that inform the cerebellum about original motor commands/motor plans and sensorimotor information at different levels of ion. The output of each functional subunit of the cerebellum is refining the ongoing movement command by linking learnt appropriate sensorimotor functions for the particular context or state. Because of its size, the memory element can house the appropriate associations, translatable to synaptic weights, relevant for all contexts or states that the individual can be expected to experience during a lifetime. It follows that a key component necessary to further improve our understanding of cerebellar function is a precise knowledge of the types and formats of information that reaches the cerebellum via the vast variety of mossy fiber pathways, a subject area that has long been neglected. In parallel, a large part of the cerebellar circuitry is proposed to be devoted to regulating the activity balance in the circuitry. The set points of the balances are internal to the cerebellar neuronal circuitry but influence the excitability of the extracerebellar motor structures so that the drive on individual muscles, for example, is not exaggerated or fall below operative excitation level.
  • Publisher: England: Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0022-3751
    EISSN: 1469-7793
    DOI: 10.1113/JP272769
    PMID: 27388692
    CODEN: JPHYA7
  • Source: Open Access: PubMed Central
    Geneva Foundation Free Medical Journals at publisher websites
    MEDLINE
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