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The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy

Nature reviews. Urology, 2020-04, Vol.17 (4), p.232-250 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2020 Nature Publishing Group ;Springer Nature Limited 2020. ;Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ;ISSN: 1759-4812 ;EISSN: 1759-4820 ;DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0286-z ;PMID: 32071434

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Title:
The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy
Author: Łaniewski, Paweł ; Ilhan, Zehra Esra ; Herbst-Kralovetz, Melissa M
Subjects: Anti-Infective Agents - therapeutic use ; Bacteria, Anaerobic ; Cancer therapies ; Carcinogenesis ; Care and treatment ; Cervix Uteri - microbiology ; Complications and side effects ; Development and progression ; Dysbiosis ; Dysbiosis - metabolism ; Dysbiosis - microbiology ; Estrogens - metabolism ; Fallopian Tubes - microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Genital cancer ; Genital Neoplasms, Female - metabolism ; Genital Neoplasms, Female - microbiology ; Genital Neoplasms, Female - prevention & control ; Genital Neoplasms, Female - therapy ; Genitalia, Female - metabolism ; Genitalia, Female - microbiology ; Gynecology ; Health aspects ; Humans ; Lactobacillus ; Life Sciences ; Metabolism ; Microbiota ; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms) ; Microbiota - physiology ; Ovary - microbiology ; Prevention ; Probiotics - therapeutic use ; Quality of life ; Uterus - microbiology ; Vagina - microbiology ; Womens health
Is Part Of: Nature reviews. Urology, 2020-04, Vol.17 (4), p.232-250
Description: The female reproductive tract (FRT), similar to other mucosal sites, harbours a site-specific microbiome, which has an essential role in maintaining health and homeostasis. In the majority of women of reproductive age, the microbiota of the lower FRT (vagina and cervix) microenvironment is dominated by Lactobacillus species, which benefit the host through symbiotic relationships. By contrast, the upper FRT (uterus, Fallopian tubes and ovaries) might be sterile in healthy individuals or contain a low-biomass microbiome with a diverse mixture of microorganisms. When dysbiosis occurs, altered immune and metabolic signalling can affect hallmarks of cancer, including chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier breach, changes in cellular proliferation and apoptosis, genome instability, angiogenesis and metabolic dysregulation. These pathophysiological changes might lead to gynaecological cancer. Emerging evidence shows that genital dysbiosis and/or specific bacteria might have an active role in the development and/or progression and metastasis of gynaecological malignancies, such as cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers, through direct and indirect mechanisms, including modulation of oestrogen metabolism. Cancer therapies might also alter microbiota at sites throughout the body. Reciprocally, microbiota composition can influence the efficacy and toxic effects of cancer therapies, as well as quality of life following cancer treatment. Modulation of the microbiome via probiotics or microbiota transplant might prove useful in improving responsiveness to cancer treatment and quality of life. Elucidating these complex host-microbiome interactions, including the crosstalk between distal and local sites, will translate into interventions for prevention, therapeutic efficacy and toxic effects to enhance health outcomes for women with gynaecological cancers.
Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 1759-4812
EISSN: 1759-4820
DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0286-z
PMID: 32071434
Source: MEDLINE
ProQuest Central

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The microbiome and gynaecological cancer development, prevention and therapy

COPYRIGHT 2020 Nature Publishing Group ;Springer Nature Limited 2020. ;Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ;ISSN: 1759-4812 ;EISSN: 1759-4820 ;DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0286-z ;PMID: 32071434

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