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Family income and cardiovascular disease risk in American adults

Scientific reports, 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.279-279, Article 279 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2023. The Author(s). ;The Author(s) 2023. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;The Author(s) 2023 ;ISSN: 2045-2322 ;EISSN: 2045-2322 ;DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27474-x ;PMID: 36609674

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  • Title:
    Family income and cardiovascular disease risk in American adults
  • Author: Minhas, Abdul Mannan Khan ; Jain, Vardhmaan ; Li, Monica ; Ariss, Robert W ; Fudim, Marat ; Michos, Erin D ; Virani, Salim S ; Sperling, Laurence ; Mehta, Anurag
  • Subjects: Adult ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cardiovascular diseases ; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology ; Congestive heart failure ; Coronary artery disease ; Diabetes ; Diabetes mellitus ; Family income ; Female ; Heart Failure ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Income ; Mortality ; Nutrition Surveys ; Public policy ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Socioeconomic factors ; Stroke ; Surveys ; United States - epidemiology
  • Is Part Of: Scientific reports, 2023-01, Vol.13 (1), p.279-279, Article 279
  • Description: Socioeconomic status is an overlooked risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Low family income is a measure of socioeconomic status and may portend greater CVD risk. Therefore, we assessed the association of family income with cardiovascular risk factor and disease burden in American adults. This retrospective analysis included data from participants aged ≥ 20 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles between 2005 and 2018. Family income to poverty ratio (PIR) was calculated by dividing family (or individual) income by poverty guidelines specific to the survey year and used as a measure of socioeconomic status. The association of PIR with the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and CVD as well as cardiac mortality and all-cause mortality was examined. We included 35,932 unweighted participants corresponding to 207,073,472 weighted, nationally representative participants. Participants with lower PIR were often female and more likely to belong to race/ethnic minorities (non-Hispanic Black, Mexican American, other Hispanic). In addition, they were less likely to be married/living with a partner, to attain college graduation or higher, or to have health insurance. In adjusted analyses, the prevalence odds of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease (CAD), congestive heart failure (CHF), and stroke largely decreased in a step-wise manner from highest (≥ 5) to lowest PIR (< 1). In adjusted analysis, we also noted a mostly dose-dependent association of PIR with the risk of all-cause and cardiac mortality during a mean 5.7 and 5.8 years of follow up, respectively. Our study demonstrates a largely dose-dependent association of PIR with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, CHF, CAD and stroke prevalence as well as incident all-cause mortality and cardiac mortality in a nationally representative sample of American adults. Public policy efforts should be directed to alleviate these disparities to help improve cardiovascular outcomes in vulnerable groups with low family income.
  • Publisher: England: Nature Publishing Group
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2045-2322
    EISSN: 2045-2322
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-27474-x
    PMID: 36609674
  • Source: MEDLINE
    PubMed Central
    Coronavirus Research Database
    ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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