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English as a Subject: Its Development over Four Centuries. Occasional Papers, 23

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  • Title:
    English as a Subject: Its Development over Four Centuries. Occasional Papers, 23
  • Author: Michael, Ian
  • Subjects: Educational History ; England ; English Curriculum ; Foreign Countries ; Historical Background ; Literacy ; Literary Criticism ; Literature ; Rhetoric ; Textbook Content ; Writing (Composition) ; Writing Instruction
  • Description: This paper surveys the study of English in British schools from the 16th century to the present. The paper proceeds chronologically, using key terms operative in education at various times to structure discussion. In the 16th century a key term was "rhetoric," which concerns oral expression. "The Art and Craft of Rhetoric," is one of the oldest surviving textbooks, discussing, types of discourse--logical, demonstrative, deliberative, and judicial. By 1700, a key term was "expression"--verse writing in English was encouraged as a skill approved at the highest social levels; imitation and the use of stock expression was the dominant convention. By the middle of the 18th century, literature anthologies were common, as were spelling books and grammar textbooks, but from the middle of the 17th century to the middle of the 18th century it is hard to know how much attention was given to written expression, since no textbooks survive. During that same period, however, social and economic developments caused particular attention to be paid to oral expression, especially for those upwardly bound socially. In the 19th century, educators were asking their students to read and explain particular literature selections and grammar continued to be taught through this century and writing remained unpopular with students. History suggests that English has developed as an alliance of components. Includes 22 notes. (TB)
  • Creation Date: 1994
  • Format: 17
  • Language: English
  • Source: ERIC Full Text Only (Discovery)
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