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Developmental Trajectories of Size Constancy as Implicitly Examined by Simple Reaction Times

Vision (Basel), 2021-10, Vol.5 (4), p.50 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2021 by the author. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;2021 by the author. 2021 ;ISSN: 2411-5150 ;EISSN: 2411-5150 ;DOI: 10.3390/vision5040050 ;PMID: 34698311

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  • Title:
    Developmental Trajectories of Size Constancy as Implicitly Examined by Simple Reaction Times
  • Author: Sperandio, Irene
  • Subjects: Age ; Children ; detection ; development ; implicit measure ; Learning ; Metacognition ; perceived size ; Perceptions ; Reaction time task ; Retina ; retinal size ; Tennis equipment ; Visual discrimination learning ; Visual stimuli
  • Is Part Of: Vision (Basel), 2021-10, Vol.5 (4), p.50
  • Description: It is still unclear whether size constancy is an innate ability or whether it develops with age. As many developmental studies are limited to the child’s comprehension of the task instructions, here, an implicit measure of perceived size, namely, simple manual reaction time (RT), was opted for based on the assumption that perceptually bigger objects generate faster detection times. We examined size constancy in children (from 5 to 14 years of age) and adults using a simple RT approach. Participants were presented with pictures of tennis balls on a screen that was physically moved to two viewing distances. Visual stimuli were adjusted in physical size in order to subtend the same visual angle across distances, determining two conditions: a small-near tennis ball vs. a big-far tennis ball. Thanks to size constancy, the two tennis balls were perceived as different even though they were of equal size on the retina. Stimuli were also matched in terms of luminance. Participants were asked to react as fast as possible to the onset of the stimuli. The results show that the RTs reflected the perceived rather than the retinal size of the stimuli across the different age groups, such that participants responded faster to stimuli that were perceived as bigger than those perceived as smaller. Hence, these findings are consistent with the idea that size constancy is already present in early childhood, at least from the age of five, and does not require extensive visual learning.
  • Publisher: Basel: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2411-5150
    EISSN: 2411-5150
    DOI: 10.3390/vision5040050
    PMID: 34698311
  • Source: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
    PubMed Central (Training)
    ProQuest Central
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