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Cellulose-synthesizing machinery in bacteria

Cellulose (London), 2022-03, Vol.29 (5), p.2755-2777 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021 ;The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2021. ;ISSN: 0969-0239 ;EISSN: 1572-882X ;DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04225-7

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  • Title:
    Cellulose-synthesizing machinery in bacteria
  • Author: Tajima, Kenji ; Imai, Tomoya ; Yui, Toshifumi ; Yao, Min ; Saxena, Inder
  • Subjects: Acetic acid ; Bacteria ; Bioorganic Chemistry ; Biosynthesis ; Cellulose ; Cellulose fibers ; Ceramics ; Chains ; Chemistry ; Chemistry and Materials Science ; Composites ; Extrusion ; Glass ; Glucan ; Membranes ; Nanofibers ; Natural Materials ; Organic Chemistry ; Organisms ; Physical Chemistry ; Polymer Sciences ; Proteins ; Review Paper ; Sustainable Development
  • Is Part Of: Cellulose (London), 2022-03, Vol.29 (5), p.2755-2777
  • Description: Cellulose is produced by all plants and a number of other organisms, including bacteria. The most representative cellulose-producing bacterial species is Gluconacetobacter xylinus , an acetic acid bacterium. Cellulose produced by G. xylinus , commonly referred to as bacterial cellulose (BC), has exceptional physicochemical properties resulting in its use in a variety of applications. All cellulose-producing organisms that synthesize cellulose microfibrils have membrane-localized protein complexes (also called terminal complexes or TCs) that contain the enzyme cellulose synthase and other proteins. The bacterium G. xylinus is a prolific cellulose producer and a model organism for studies on cellulose biosynthesis. The widths of cellulose fibers produced by Gluconacetobacter are 50–100 nm, suggesting that cellulose-synthesizing complexes are nanomachines spinning a nanofiber. At least four different proteins (BcsA, BcsB, BcsC, and BcsD) are included in TC from Gluconacetobacter , and the proposed function of each is as follows: BcsA, synthesis of a glucan chain through glycosyl transfer from UDP-glucose; BcsB, complexes with BcsA for cellulose synthase activity; BcsC, formation of a pore in the outer membrane through which a glucan chain is extruded; BcsD, regulates aggregation of glucan chains through four tunnel-like structures. In this review, we discuss structures and functions of these four and a few other proteins that have a role in cellulose biosynthesis in bacteria. Graphic abstract
  • Publisher: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 0969-0239
    EISSN: 1572-882X
    DOI: 10.1007/s10570-021-04225-7
  • Source: ProQuest Central
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