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Implications of various effort-sharing approaches for national carbon budgets and emission pathways

Climatic change, 2020-10, Vol.162 (4), p.1805-1822 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

The Author(s) 2019 ;Climatic Change is a copyright of Springer, (2019). All Rights Reserved. © 2019. This work is published under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;The Author(s) 2019. This work is published under https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (the “License”). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;Wageningen University & Research ;ISSN: 0165-0009 ;EISSN: 1573-1480 ;DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02368-y

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Title:
Implications of various effort-sharing approaches for national carbon budgets and emission pathways
Author: van den Berg, Nicole J. ; van Soest, Heleen L. ; Hof, Andries F. ; den Elzen, Michel G. J. ; van Vuuren, Detlef P. ; Chen, Wenying ; Drouet, Laurent ; Emmerling, Johannes ; Fujimori, Shinichiro ; Höhne, Niklas ; Kõberle, Alexandre C. ; McCollum, David ; Schaeffer, Roberto ; Shekhar, Swapnil ; Vishwanathan, Saritha Sudharmma ; Vrontisi, Zoi ; Blok, Kornelis
Subjects: Atmospheric Sciences ; Authoring ; Budgets ; Carbon ; Carbon budget ; Climate change ; Climate Change/Climate Change Impacts ; Contraction ; Developed countries ; Earth and Environmental Science ; Earth Sciences ; Emission analysis ; Emissions control ; Emissions trading ; Environmental Systems Analysis ; Environmental Systems Analysis Group ; Evaluation ; Global temperatures ; Greenhouse effect ; Greenhouse gases ; Industrialized nations ; Leerstoelgroep Milieusysteemanalyse ; Methods ; Milieusysteemanalyse ; Mitigation ; Paris Agreement ; Sensitivity analysis ; Serrated yielding ; Temperature rise ; WIMEK
Is Part Of: Climatic change, 2020-10, Vol.162 (4), p.1805-1822
Description: The bottom-up approach of the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) in the Paris Agreement has led countries to self-determine their greenhouse gas (GHG) emission reduction targets. The planned ‘ratcheting-up’ process, which aims to ensure that the NDCs comply with the overall goal of limiting global average temperature increase to well below 2 °C or even 1.5 °C, will most likely include some evaluation of ‘fairness’ of these reduction targets. In the literature, fairness has been discussed around equity principles, for which many different effort-sharing approaches have been proposed. In this research, we analysed how country-level emission targets and carbon budgets can be derived based on such criteria. We apply novel methods directly based on the global carbon budget, and, for comparison, more commonly used methods using GHG mitigation pathways. For both, we studied the following approaches: equal cumulative per capita emissions, contraction and convergence, grandfathering, greenhouse development rights and ability to pay. As the results critically depend on parameter settings, we used the wide authorship from a range of countries included in this paper to determine default settings and sensitivity analyses. Results show that effort-sharing approaches that (i) calculate required reduction targets in carbon budgets (relative to baseline budgets) and/or (ii) take into account historical emissions when determining carbon budgets can lead to (large) negative remaining carbon budgets for developed countries. This is the case for the equal cumulative per capita approach and especially the greenhouse development rights approach. Furthermore, for developed countries, all effort-sharing approaches except grandfathering lead to more stringent budgets than cost-optimal budgets, indicating that cost-optimal approaches do not lead to outcomes that can be regarded as fair according to most effort-sharing approaches.
Publisher: Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands
Language: English
Identifier: ISSN: 0165-0009
EISSN: 1573-1480
DOI: 10.1007/s10584-019-02368-y
Source: SpringerOpen website
ProQuest Central

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Implications of various effort-sharing approaches for national carbon budgets and emission pathways

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