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Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study

BMJ open, 2014-12, Vol.4 (12), p.e005813-e005813 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions ;Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions. ;Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions 2014 This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions 2014 ;ISSN: 2044-6055 ;EISSN: 2044-6055 ;DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005813 ;PMID: 25488096

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  • Title:
    Fast-food consumption and body mass index in children and adolescents: an international cross-sectional study
  • Author: Braithwaite, Irene ; Stewart, Alistair W ; Hancox, Robert J ; Beasley, Richard ; Murphy, Rinki ; Mitchell, Edwin A
  • Subjects: Adolescent ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Fast food ; Fast Foods - adverse effects ; Fast Foods - utilization ; Feeding Behavior ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Global Health ; Humans ; Male ; Morbidity - trends ; Obesity ; Obesity - epidemiology ; Paediatrics ; Population Surveillance - methods ; Risk Factors ; Teenagers
  • Is Part Of: BMJ open, 2014-12, Vol.4 (12), p.e005813-e005813
  • Description: Objective To investigate whether reported fast-food consumption over the previous year is associated with higher childhood or adolescent body mass index (BMI). Design Secondary analysis from a multicentre, multicountry cross-sectional study (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC) Phase Three). Subjects and methods Parents/guardians of children aged 6–7 completed questionnaires which included questions about their children's asthma and allergies, fast-food consumption, height and weight. Adolescents aged 13–14 completed the same questionnaire. The questionnaire asked “In the past 12 months, how often on average did you (your child) eat fast-food/burgers?” The responses were infrequent (never/only occasionally), frequent (once/twice a week) or very frequent (three or more times per week). A general linear mixed model was used to determine the association between BMI and fast-food consumption, adjusting for Gross National Income per capita by country, measurement type (whether heights/weights were reported or measured), age and sex. Results 72 900 children (17 countries) and 199 135 adolescents (36 countries) provided data. Frequent and very frequent fast-food consumption was reported in 23% and 4% of children, and 39% and 13% of adolescents, respectively. Children in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.15 and 0.22 kg/m2 higher than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Male adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.14 and 0.28 kg/m2 lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Female adolescents in the frequent and very frequent groups had a BMI that was 0.19 kg/m2 lower than those in the infrequent group (p<0.001). Conclusions Reported fast-food consumption is high in childhood and increases in adolescence. Compared with infrequent fast-food consumption, frequent and very frequent consumption is associated with a higher BMI in children. Owing to residual confounding, reverse causation and likely misreporting, the reverse association observed in adolescents should be interpreted with caution.
  • Publisher: England: BMJ Publishing Group LTD
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2044-6055
    EISSN: 2044-6055
    DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005813
    PMID: 25488096
  • Source: ProQuest One Psychology
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