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Action Research and the Promotion of Democracy

International journal of action research, 2017-08, Vol.13 (2), p.101-111 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

Copyright Verlag Barbara Budrich 2017 ;ISSN: 1861-1303 ;EISSN: 1861-9916 ;DOI: 10.3224/ijar.v13i2.02

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  • Title:
    Action Research and the Promotion of Democracy
  • Author: Gustavsen, Bjørn
  • Subjects: Councils ; Human relations ; Industrial democracy ; Innovations ; Open systems ; Quality
  • Is Part Of: International journal of action research, 2017-08, Vol.13 (2), p.101-111
  • Description: The early studies pertained to elements of work organisation within larger enterprises and the next step was to expand the systems theoretical approach to cover the organisation as a totality. Since the core concept in this context was the one of ?open systems?, the focus moved towards the relationship between the organisation and its environment, giving rise to a distinction between different types of environments: the random, placid environment, the clustered envronment, the disturbed-reactive ennvironment and, finally, the environment where turbulence can occur (Emery & Trist 1965). [...]that challenges of this kind cannot be met through threshold limits and similar specifications, but are in need of workplace based processes of continuous improvement. Examples illustrating the need to reach different levels in society can be taken from a number of other countries such as Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Holland and Germany. Since the QWL movement referred all practical experiences back to a general theory and not to variable national or other contextual conditions, there were no comparative studies of nations and their differences done at the time. For a broad movement on the level of an area like Europe to emerge, there would be a need for support from major political actors, like the bodies of the European Union. Since this union was formed on the basis of the idea of pursuing likenesses and identities: everybody is a player in ?the same market?, the road towards learning by differences is a long one.
  • Publisher: Leverkusen: Verlag Barbara Budrich
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 1861-1303
    EISSN: 1861-9916
    DOI: 10.3224/ijar.v13i2.02
  • Source: ProQuest Central
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