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Heavy metal poisoning: the effects of cadmium on the kidney
Biometals, 2010-10, Vol.23 (5), p.783-792
[Peer Reviewed Journal]
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. 2010 ;ISSN: 0966-0844 ;EISSN: 1572-8773 ;DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9328-y ;PMID: 20354761
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Title:
Heavy metal poisoning: the effects of cadmium on the kidney
Author:
Johri, Nikhil
;
Jacquillet, Grégory
;
Unwin, Robert
Subjects:
Biochemistry
;
Biomedical and Life Sciences
;
Bone and Bones - drug effects
;
Bone and Bones - physiopathology
;
Cadmium
;
Cadmium - pharmacokinetics
;
Cadmium - toxicity
;
Cadmium Poisoning - physiopathology
;
Cadmium Poisoning - prevention & control
;
Cell Biology
;
Environmental Exposure
;
Environmental Pollutants - pharmacokinetics
;
Environmental Pollutants - toxicity
;
Fanconi syndrome
;
Heavy metal content
;
Humans
;
Kidney - drug effects
;
Kidney - physiopathology
;
Kidney Tubules, Proximal - drug effects
;
Kidney Tubules, Proximal - physiopathology
;
Kidneys
;
Life Sciences
;
Low molecular weight protein
;
Medicine/Public Health
;
Metals, Heavy - toxicity
;
Microbiology
;
Models, Biological
;
nephrotoxicity
;
Pharmacology/Toxicology
;
Plant Physiology
;
Poisoning
;
Proximal tubule
Is Part Of:
Biometals, 2010-10, Vol.23 (5), p.783-792
Description:
The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to be a widespread environmental contaminant and a potential toxin that may adversely affect human health. Exposure is largely via the respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts; important non-industrial sources of exposure are cigarette smoke and food (from contaminated soil and water). The kidney is the main organ affected by chronic Cd exposure and toxicity. Cd accumulates in the kidney as a result of its preferential uptake by receptor-mediated endocytosis of freely filtered and metallothionein bound Cd (Cd-MT) in the renal proximal tubule. Internalised Cd-MT is degraded in endosomes and lysosomes, releasing free Cd²⁺ into the cytosol, where it can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activate cell death pathways. An early and sensitive manifestation of chronic Cd renal toxicity, which can be useful in individual and population screening, is impaired reabsorption of low molecular weight proteins (LMWP) (also a receptor-mediated process in the proximal tubule) such as retinol binding protein (RBP). This so-called ‘tubular proteinuria' is a good index of proximal tubular damage, but it is not usually detected by routine clinical dipstick testing for proteinuria. Continued and heavy Cd exposure can progress to the clinical renal Fanconi syndrome, and ultimately to renal failure. Environmental Cd exposure may be a significant contributory factor to the development of chronic kidney disease, especially in the presence of other co-morbidities such as diabetes or hypertension; therefore, the sources and environmental impact of Cd, and efforts to limit Cd exposure, justify more attention.
Publisher:
Dordrecht: Dordrecht : Springer Netherlands
Language:
English;Dutch
Identifier:
ISSN: 0966-0844
EISSN: 1572-8773
DOI: 10.1007/s10534-010-9328-y
PMID: 20354761
Source:
MEDLINE
Alma/SFX Local Collection
ProQuest Central
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