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Recovery of Rare Earth Elements Minerals from Iron-Oxide-Silicate-Rich Tailings: Research Review

Eng (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-06, Vol.3 (2), p.259-275 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License. ;ISSN: 2673-4117 ;EISSN: 2673-4117 ;DOI: 10.3390/eng3020020

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  • Title:
    Recovery of Rare Earth Elements Minerals from Iron-Oxide-Silicate-Rich Tailings: Research Review
  • Author: Abaka-Wood, George Blankson ; Ehrig, Kathy ; Addai-Mensah, Jonas ; Skinner, William
  • Subjects: bastnäsite ; Beneficiation ; Commodities ; Concentrates (ores) ; Cut off grades ; Depletion ; Flotation ; Gangue ; Gravity separation ; Iron ; Iron compounds ; Knowledge bases (artificial intelligence) ; Magnetic separation ; Materials recovery ; Mineralogy ; Minerals ; Mining ; monazite ; Particle size ; Particle size distribution ; Rare earth elements ; Silica ; Tailings
  • Is Part Of: Eng (Basel, Switzerland), 2022-06, Vol.3 (2), p.259-275
  • Description: The rapid depletion of high-grade rare earth elements (REE) resources implies that future supplies may be augmented with low-grade ores, tailings, and other unconventional resources to meet cut-off grades and, subsequently, supply demands. This paper presents an amalgamation of studies conducted on selected complex low-grade iron-oxide-silicate-rich tailings, with the overall aim of developing efficacious methods and associated process mineralogy characterization for enhanced REE minerals recovery and upgrade. To this end, a summary of the overarching key results from froth flotation, magnetic separation, and gravity separation studies of the tailings and their implications are presented in this review. Reconciliation of all the findings reveals lucid links between feed ore properties, mainly mineralogy and particle size distribution, as the key influential factors that affect the beneficiation of real complex low-grade tailings, although distinct differences in physicochemical properties of the valuable and gangue minerals may exist. It is clearly established that the unliberated association between REE and gangue minerals within the ore can lead to either synergistic or antagonistic effects on the quality of concentrates produced. Furthermore, the limitations presented by the poorly liberated minerals are exacerbated by their “fine” nature. With appreciable recoveries obtained using such readily available conventional separation methods, the tailings provide additional REE value to the primary commodities; hence, such material could be considered a potential resource for REE beneficiation. The learnings from the respective beneficiation studies are significantly important as they provide the knowledge base and greater understanding of the mineralogical characteristics and beneficiation response of REE minerals in typical complex, low-grade tailings.
  • Publisher: Basel: MDPI AG
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2673-4117
    EISSN: 2673-4117
    DOI: 10.3390/eng3020020
  • Source: ProQuest Central
    DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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