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The Impact of Tanzimat Period Practices on the Urban Fabric of Ankara (1839-1924)

Ankara araştirmalari dergisi = Journal of Ankara studies, 2023-07, Vol.11 (1), p.77-120 [Peer Reviewed Journal]

COPYRIGHT 2023 Akdema Informatics and Publishing ;ISSN: 2147-8724 ;DOI: 10.5505/jas.2023.14227

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  • Title:
    The Impact of Tanzimat Period Practices on the Urban Fabric of Ankara (1839-1924)
  • Author: Aytemiz, Ayşe Nur
  • Subjects: 19th century ; Analysis ; ankara ; Banking industry ; modernization ; spatial change and improvements ; tanzimat ; Textile fabrics ; urban fabric
  • Is Part Of: Ankara araştirmalari dergisi = Journal of Ankara studies, 2023-07, Vol.11 (1), p.77-120
  • Description: Representing the starting point of the modernization efforts of the Ottoman Empire, the Tanzimat Edict of the 18th century decreed that a reform modeled on Europe would become an official state policy, thus initiating a period that reshaped the structure and social fabric of the Empire. The Tanzimat Edict transformed the institutional structure in terms of legal practices, introducing a land ownership regime and a restructuring of the national and administrative system. Further effects were to create a response in property order, city administration and construction practice in the cities and the architecture. In the Tanzimat Period, Ankara was one of the main cities where the changes in the administration of the Empire were reflected. In this context, the aim of this study is as follows: to analyze the urban fabric of Ankara related to the process that started with the Tanzimat Edict, in line with the modernization of the Ottoman Empire. This period saw transformation in many areas within spatial structures, as well as in the central administration at the upper level (political, social and economic). Changes at the local context can be seen from the maps of1839 and 1924. These identify the processes that have instigated these changes and improvements and reveal the relationship of these processes with the Tanzimat reforms. The research concludes that the Tanzimat era practices carried out in Ankara, unlike the structural changes experienced in Istanbul and port cities, did not create major transformations, but actually created only gradual changes in the city. However, it is observed that these modernization initiatives in Ankara brought about, especially in bureaucratic and administrative organizations, social, political and cultural changes, and that these changes paved the way for the Republican Period. There is therefore no doubt that the Tanzimat era is an important time period in the story of changes in the urban fabric of the city. Keywords: Modernization, 19th century, Tanzimat, Urban fabric, Spatial change and improvements, Ankara Osmanli imparatorlugu'nun modernlesme cabalarinin cikis noktasini olusturan Tanzimat Fermani (1839), 18. yuzyildan bu yana Avrupa'yi model alan islahati, resmi devlet politikasi haline getirerek Osmanli devlet yapisini ve sosyal dokuyu yeni bastan Sekillendiren bir donemi baslatmistir. Tanzimat ile degisen hukuki uygulamalar, yeni toprak duzeni, yeni millet sistemi ve yeni yonetimsel duzen ile kurumsal yapida bir degisim ve donusum yasanmistir. Bu yenilikler, beraberinde mulkiyet duzeninde, kent yonetiminde ve imar pratiginde, dolayisiyla kentler ve mimaride karsiliklar yaratmistir. Tanzimat Donemi'nde, ulke yonetiminde yapilan yeniliklerin uygulandigi oncelikli kentlerden birisi de Ankara'dir. Bu kapsamda calismanin amaci, Osmanli modernlesmesi projeleri dogrultusunda Tanzimat Fermani ile baslayan ve pek cok alanda degisimin ve donusumun yasandigi bu surece iliskin ust olcekteki siyasal, toplumsal ve ekonomik degisimler ve yerel baglamin birlikte urettigi mekansal yapilariyla, Ankara kent dokusunda yarattigi fiziki mekan karsiliginin, 1839 ve 1924 kent haritalarinin da kullanilarak arastirilmasi, ortaya cikan bu degisim ve yeniliklere neden olan sureclerin belirlenmesi ve bu sureclerin Tanzimat yenilikleri ile baglarinin kurularak ortaya konulmasidir. Yapilan arastirma sonucunda, Ankara'da gerceklestirilen Tanzimat Donemi uygulamalarinin, Istanbul ve liman kentlerinde yasanan hizli degisim surecinden farkli olarak, buyuk donusumler yaratmadigi ve kentte ancak kademeli bir degisime neden oldugu gorulmustur. Bununla birlikte, Ankara ozelinde gerceklestirilen modernlesmeye yonelik bu reform cabalarinin, Cumhuriyet Donemi'ni hazirlayan, ozellikle burokratik orgutlenme ile yonetsel, sosyal, siyasal ve kulturel bir degisim yarattigi tespit edilmis ve bu donemin kent dokusunun degisimi acisindan onemli bir zaman kesiti oldugu sonucuna varilmistir. Anahtar sozcukler: Modernlesme, 19. yuzyil, Tanzimat, Kent dokusu, Mekansal degisim ve donusum, Ankara
  • Publisher: Akdema Informatics and Publishing
  • Language: English
  • Identifier: ISSN: 2147-8724
    DOI: 10.5505/jas.2023.14227
  • Source: DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals
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